ENVIRONMENTAL EXPERTISE: OPPORTUNITIES, PROBLEMS, SOLUTIONS
O.P. Burmatova
Institute of the Economics and Industrial Engineering of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
Keywords: экологическая политика, экологическая экспертиза хозяйственных проектов, государственное управление охраной окружающей среды, природоохранное законодательство, государственная экспертиза проектной документации, оценка воздействия на окружающую среду, environmental policy, environmental impact assessment of business projects, state environmental management, environmental legislation, state expertise of project documentation, environmental impact assessment
Abstract
The implementation of any business project should be preceded by activities to predict its possible impact on the environment and to obtain environmental acceptability assessments for the implementation of the corresponding project. Ecological expertise is aimed at solving these important tasks. State environmental review is the legal form of preventive environmental control; carried out with the aim of verifying the compliance of economic and other activities with environmental safety requirements; It is carried out on the principles of mandatory conduct, scientific validity and legality of its conclusions and independence, extra-departmental organization and conduct, wide publicity and public participation. The article discusses the purpose of environmental assessments, formulates their basic principles arising from foreign practice of environmental policy in developed countries that have significant experience in the development and effective application of various institutional instruments for environmental regulation, including environmental impact assessments. The article gives an analysis of the establishment of the institute of environmental expertise in Russia, shows the results achieved and the omissions in this area over the past 30 years, reveals the causes and consequences of the minimization of the state environmental review after 2000. Based on the analysis of amendments to the Russian environmental legislation introduced in the last few years concerning the procedure and procedure for conducting environmental assessments, it is shown that these changes did not contribute to the improvement of the current situation. A number of measures have been proposed which are currently ripe for reanimating approaches to state environmental expertise, including the restoration of a system of specially authorized state bodies in the field of environmental protection; strengthening legislation on the institute of environmental impact assessment; streamlining issues of their financing, etc.
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