Home – Home – Jornals – The journal "Ateroskleroz" 2020 number 1

Purpose of the study was to determine the quantitative content of Klotho protein in the blood of men with coronary heart disease in comparison with the control group and its association with the blood lipid profile. Material and methods. The study included 178 men, including 115 people aged 50-65 years (I age group) and 63 people over 80 years (II age group). The main group included 98 men with coronary heart disease, the average age was 61.1±11.4 years, the control group consisted of 80 men without coronary heart disease, and the average age was 68.1 ± 14.4 years. Klotho protein serum concentration was measured by ELISA. Results. Klotho’s protein level tends to decrease in people with coronary heart disease, its lower level is associated with an increased relative risk of coronary heart disease. In men with coronary heart disease, Kloto protein tends to increase with age, and men without coronary heart disease, on the contrary, decrease. In patients with coronary heart disease, an increase in Klotho protein in the blood is associated with an increase in the level of HDL-C and a decrease in the atherogenic coefficient. Conclusion. Thus, it can be assumed that Klotho protein in men with coronary heart disease exhibits anti-atherogenic properties.

Pulse wave amplification and augmentation are considered as new indicators of arterial stiffness. It is of interest to study their association with electrocardiographic pro-arrhythmic patterns in the male population of Novosibirsk. Material and methods. We used data from a representative sample of 145 men aged 25-44 years from a population of inhabitants of Novosibirsk. Applanation tonometry of the radial artery and pulse wave analysis were performed using the SphygmoCor system (AtCorMedical, Australia). The Brugada pattern, the pattern of early ventricular repolarization and fragmentation of the QRS complex were determined on a resting electrocardiogram according to generally accepted current criteria. When analyzing the data, descriptive statistics methods and the general linear model (GLM) were used. Results. Fragmentation of the QRS complex in the in the area of the inferior wall of the left ventricle, regardless of age, body mass index and heart rate, was associated with a decrease in the ratio of amplification of pulse pressure (F = 5.34; p = 0.022), amplification of pulse pressure (F = 5.91; p = 0.016) and amplification of systolic pressure (F = 5.02; p = 0.027). Conclusion. In the Novosibirsk male population, a decrease in pulse wave amplification was associated with fragmentation of the QRS complex. The results of this study demonstrate the relevance of an integrated assessment of prognostically significant indicators of arterial stiffness and ventricular pro-arrhythmia to study the possible cumulation of cardiovascular risk.

Age is one of the well known strongest risk factors of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). At the same time, vessel age or arterial wall stiffness is one of the major determinants of so called biological age. Aim of the study was basing on the earlier obtained data to create a new complex marker for non-invasive estimation of elevated arterial stiffness. Material and methods. Totally 202 subjects (33.2 % men) aged 25-75, who according to ambulatory check-up at the National Research center for Preventive Medicine were free of atherosclerosis-related diseases, were included into the study. Pulse wave velocity (PWV) > 10 m/s was used as a measure of arterial stiffness. Blood biochemical parameters were measured by standard methods. Results. Preliminary analysis of mathematical models including various biochemical markers and clinical parameters allowed us to select the most significant variables associated with PWV: blood pressure (both systolic and diastolic, SBP and DBP, respectively), body mass index (BMI), triglyceride (TG), and C-peptide content. ROC-analysis gave their optimal cut-off points: SBP/DBP > 120/75 mm Hg; BMI > 26.3 kg/m2; blood plasma TG content > 1.0 mmol/l; C-peptide content > 1.67 ng/ml. These variables were combined as a complex marker (CM). A special score was generated: if any of these parameters exceeded the threshold value, it was assigned 1 point. It turned out that the combination of at least two variables indicates an elevated arterial stiffness. Analytical characteristics of CM were determined. Conclusion. To estimate the probability to have elevated arterial stiffness, indicating on accelerated biological ageing, a new biomarker was created with the sensitivity of 82.7 %, specificity - 62.3 %, and correct prognosis of 71.6 %.

The aim of the study was to examine of endothelial dysfunction markers in patients with dyscirculatory encephalopathy I-II stages. Material and methods. The study included 30 patients with dyscirculatory encephalopathy I-II stages. All the examinees underwent detection of endothelin-1, desquamated circulating endothelial cells and endothelial NO synthase levels in the blood, reflected endothelial damage. Results of investigation of 21 practically healthy people served as control. Results. Reliable increasing of endothelial dysfunction markers were detected at initial stage of dyscirculatory encephalopathy, aggravated with the progress of disease.

The Aral Sea region is considered one of the crisis regions of Kazakhstan. Taking into account the severity of the current unfavorable situation, the impact of desertification and environmental pollution on human health, the territory in the Aral Sea region is divided into zones: disaster; crisis; pre-crisis state. The aim of the study was to obtain data on the actual level of relative risk to the health of the adult population depending on the actual living conditions in the disadvantaged region of the Aral Sea. As part of the implementation of the Programme «Integrated approaches in managing the health of the population of the Aral Sea region», clinical and functional studies of the adult population of the territory of the Aral Sea region were conducted in the settlements of three zones: disaster (Aralsk, Aiteke-bi, Shalkar), crisis (Zhalagash, Zhosaly, Shieli), pre-crisis condition (Irgiz, Ulytau, Arys). Atasu village of Karaganda region was chosen for control. A comparative analysis of the prevalence of diseases in the studied regions with the control region was carried out by the magnitude of relative risks. The data on the actual level of relative risk to the health of the adult population depending on the actual living conditions in the disadvantaged region of the Aral Sea region are presented. It was noted that the relative risk of diseases of the circulatory system with a statistically significant difference in magnitude χ2 varied to 3.8 in the disaster zone, to 2.6 in the crisis zone and to 1.7 in the pre-crisis zone. Determining the relative risk of this pathology in the population of the disaster zone are coronary heart disease associated with atherosclerosis, arterial hypertension associated with atherosclerosis of vessels., which indicates a high risk of coronary heart disease with vascular atherosclerosis and vascular atherosclerosis among diseases of the circulatory system.

The literature review highlights the results of recent studies of the world over the invectigations of biochemical factors secreted by visceral adipocytes and affecting the activity of the cardiovascular system. The results of studies of biomolecules such as leptin, adiponectin, resistin, tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin 1, interleukin 6, interleukin 8, interleukin 10, tissue factor, lipoprotein lipase, apolipoprotein E, complement factors, plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1, visfatin, proteins of angiotensin system, apelin, omentin, monocyte chemoattractant type 1 protein, retinol-binding protein of type 4 are described.

The cholesterol ester transfer protein regulates cholesterol efflux from peripheral tissues. The cholesterol ester transfer protein is encoded by CETP gene. The review describes the association of CETP gene variants with metabolic changes in different diets. The association of diet and metabolic changes depends on the sample size, individual and age characteristics of the patients, the duration of the observation, and the analysis of the spectrum of the CETP gene variants.

The analytical review address to the influence of atherosclerotic vascular changes in the development of age-related cognitive decline, the role of the cognitive reserve as a factor in the compensating of the brain changes associated with normal and pathological aging, and the reorganization of the brain functional systems in vascular cognitive impairment, reflected in the rhythmic activity of biopotentials.

Endothelial dysfunction plays a key role in the initial development of atherosclerosis. The presence of atherosclerosis by ultrasound examination of the carotid arteries is associated with an increased risk of development of coronary heart disease (CHD) by 1.2% -3.3% per year. The study of the relationship between morphological and functional vascular alterations is an important step toward an improvement of prognostic assessment of the risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and the development of new tools for their prevention. We aimed to perform a systematic review of published studies evaluating the relationship between flow-mediated vasodilation (FMD) during reactive hyperemia test and carotid artery intima-media thickness (IMT). Material and methods. Publications on selected topic were analyzed from 2000 to 2019. We used various Internet resources such as PubMed (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed), Google Scholar (https://scholar.google.ru), the scientific electronic library eLIBRARY.ru (https://elibrary.ru) and major Russian cardiology journals. Results. The analysis of the literature showed that a relationship between a decrease of FMD and an increase of IMT is consistently found in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, with verified atherosclerosis of different locations (including CHD and peripheral arterial atherosclerosis), and arterial hypertension. However, these studies were conducted predominantly on small clinical groups (from 10 to 136 people). Few large studies (more than 1000 people) among subjects with arterial hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus did not show any convincing relationship between IMT and FMD. In the current literature there is a lack of large studies on the problem, and the data of existing studies are contradictory. New larger studies on this issue are required in various populations and in a wide age range. Conclusion. The studying of association between phenotypes of vasodilation function and structural changes of the vascular wall (for example, between FMD and IMT) remains topical for prognostic assessments of the risk of developing of cardiovascular diseases.