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2019 year, number 2
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V.P. Kochanov
V.E. Zuev Institute of Atmospheric Optics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 1, Academician Zuev square, Tomsk, 634021, Russia
Keywords: контур линии, сильные столкновения, слабые столкновения, диффузия, line profile, hard collisions, soft collisions, diffusion
Abstract >>
The qualitative and quantitative effects on the line profile of hard and soft velocity-changing collisions with scattering of absorbing molecules at large and small angles, respectively, are considered. It is shown that in the diffusion model of the profile, known as the model of "soft" collisions, scattering at large angles makes a significant contribution comparable to that in the model of hard collisions. The difference between these traditional models lies only in the mathematical forms of the representation of the collision integral, integral and differential, and the following analytical expressions for the profiles. Simple approximate formulas for the profile were derived and tested, which simultaneously took into account hard and soft collisions.
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V.I. Starikov1,2
1Tomsk State University of Control Systems and Radioelectronics, 634050, 40 Lenina Prospect, Tomsk, Russia
2National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, 30, Lenin Avenue, Tomsk, 634050, Russia
Keywords: водяной пар, окись углерода, нанопоры, уширение и сдвиг спектральных линий, water vapor, carbon oxide, nanopores, halfwidth and shift of spectral lines
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Calculations of line broadening and line shift of water vapor and carbon oxide confined in nanoporous media are presented. The collisions of free H2O (CO) molecules with physically adsorbed on the surface molecules are discussed. Changes in the rotational structure of levels in physically adsorbed molecules are taken into account. The comparison with the existing experimental data is performed.
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B.G. Ageev1, V.A. Sapozhnikova1, A.N. Gruzdev2, E.A. Golovatskaya3, E.A. Dukarev3,4, D.A. Savchuk3
1V.E. Zuev Institute of Atmospheric Optics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 1, Academician Zuev square, Tomsk, 634021, Russia
2A.M. Obukhov Institute of Atmospheric Physics Russian Academy of Sciences, Pyzhevsky per., 3, 119017, Moscow, Russia
3Institute of Monitoring of Climatic and Ecological Systems of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 634055, Tomsk, 10/3, Academichesky ave.
4Federal State Educational Institution of Higher Professional Education "Ugra State University", 16, Chehova, Hanty-Mansijsk, 628012, Russia
Keywords: СО, НО, цикличность, годичные кольца, сосна, cyclicity, tree rings, Pinus sylvestris
Abstract >>
The work compares the chronologies of H2O and CO2 and pressure in the vacuum-extracted tree-ring disc gas samples of six Scots pine trees from one growth region. The results are analyzed. The analysis shows that discs have different annual CO2 distributions, the H2O data weakly correlate with precipitation, but the detected cyclicity is common to all the chronologies analyzed.
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Yu.E. Geints, E.K. Panina, A.A. Zemlyanov
V.E. Zuev Institute of Atmospheric Optics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 1, Academician Zuev square, Tomsk, 634021, Russia
Keywords: фотонная наноструя, микросборка частиц, диэлектрические микрочастицы, photonic nanojet, microassembly of particles, dielectric microparticles
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The results of theoretical studies of spatially localized near-field light structures (photonic nanojets) that are formed when laser radiation is scattered on a meta-surface in the form of a single-layer ordered assembly of dielectric microparticles (spheres, cones) embedded in a transparent matrix (silicone film) are presented. By solving Maxwell's equations by the method of computational electrodynamics (FDTD), a detailed analysis of the main parameters of localized light structures (length, width, peak intensity) under the influence of the light fields of neighboring microparticles was carried out. It has been established that the main factors influencing the characteristics of the photon nanojet under study are the spatial orientation of the microcones, as well as the depth of their immersion into the silicone matrix. It is shown that a number of spatial configurations of conic microassemblies allow the creation of an ensemble of photon nanojet with specific characteristics unattainable for isolated microcones. Ordered clusters of spherical particles have an advantage in terms of a comprehensive assessment of the parameters of photonic nanojets.
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Yu.E. Geints, A.A. Zemlyanov, O.V. Minina
V.E. Zuev Institute of Atmospheric Optics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 1, Academician Zuev square, Tomsk, 634021, Russia
Keywords: фемтосекундные лазерные импульсы, самофокусировка, филаментация, дифракционно-лучевая трубка, энергетически пополняющая трубка, постфиламентационный световой канал, femtosecond laser pulses, self-focusing, filamentation, diffraction-beam tube, energy-replenishing tube, post-filamentation light channel
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The results of a theoretical investigation of the propagation of femtosecond pulses of a Ti:Sapphire laser in air during the self-focusing and filamentation are presented. The analysis of self-focusing of laser pulses was carried out on the basis of the method of diffraction beams and light tubes, which made it possible to establish that specific light structures are formed in the laser beam during self-focusing. One of such structures is the energy-replenishing diffraction-beam tube, which provides necessary energy for filamentation, and at the stage of post-filamentation pulse propagation exists in the form of a separate intense light channel. The dependences of the radius and power of the energy-replenishing tube on the initial beam radius and the peak power for a fixed pulse duration are established. It was revealed that the energy consumption of radiation per filamentation decreases with an increase in the beam radius and a decrease in its initial power. The peak power contained in the energy-replenishing light tube at the post-filamentation propagation stage of laser pulses does not exceed the critical self-focusing power for the Gaussian beam and weakly depends on the initial parameters of the pulse.
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V.A. Frolkis1,2, A.M. Kokorin3
1The Voeikov Main Geophysical Observatory, 7, Karbyshev street, 194021, St Petersburg
2Saint-Petersburg State University of Economics, 21, Sadovaya street, 191023, St. Petersburg
3Saint Petersburg State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering, 4, Vtoraya Krasnoarmeiskaya ul., Saint Petersburg, Russia, 190005
Keywords: стратосферный сульфатный аэрозоль, двухслойные, просветленные, квазиоднородные и однородные частицы, оптические свойства, мгновенный радиационный форсинг, парниковый и антипарниковый эффекты, радиационная температура поверхности, компенсация парникового потепления, геоэнжиниринг, stratospheric sulphate aerosol, two-layer, enlightened, quasi-homogeneous and homogeneous aerosol particles, optical property, instantaneous radiative forcing, greenhouse and anti-greenhouse effects, greenhouse gas compensation, geo-engineering
Abstract >>
Single-phase and two-phase aerosol particles are considered. The influence of their structure and size distribution parameters on the optical characteristics of the stratospheric sulphate aerosol layer is simulated. The single-phase aerosol includes homogeneous particles, which are a liquid drop of 75% sulphuric acid, and the two-phase aerosol are drops of sulphuric acid with dissolved inorganic impurities. It is assumed that the latter can be two-layer, enlightened, and quasi-homogeneous. The dependence of instantaneous radiative forcing and radiative changes of surface temperature on the internal structure of stratospheric sulphate aerosol particles and the parameters of their size distribution is simulated. An aerosol layer with an optical thickness equal to 0.05 in the visible range is considered. Its particles can lead to the greenhouse and anti-greenhouse effects. Ensembles of two-layer particles with narrow size distributions, and ensembles with wider distributions and average radii not exceeding 0.25 ¸ 0.40 mm, create the anti-greenhouse effect on the order of 4 ¸ 8 W/m2, whereas for large average radii and wide distributions, occurring greenhouse effect (2 ¸ 6 W/m2) occurs.
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A.N. Yermakov1, A.E. Aloyan2, V.O. Arutyunyan2
1V.L. Talroze Institute of Energy Problems of Chemical Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 119334, Russia, Moscow, Leninsky prospect, bld. 38/2
2Marchuk Institute of Numerical Mathematics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Gubkin str., 8, Moscow, 119333, Russia
Keywords: атмосфера, конденсация, коэффициент активности, органический аэрозоль, термодинамика, atmosphere, condensation, activity coefficient, organic aerosol, thermodynamics
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Thermodynamic methods with the UNIFAC model have been used to study the distribution of hydrophobic and hydrophilic organic compounds in the atmosphere between the gas and aerosol phases. The results of calculations indicate that the formation of organic aerosol involving these multifunctional compounds is favored by their combined condensation with water vapor. Leading to the transfer of water molecules to the aerosol phase, the condensation is accompanied by an increased mass concentration of organic aerosol, which should be taken into account when comparing with field observation data.
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E.Z. Gribova, S.E. Losev
Lobachevsky University, Gagarin Avenue 23, Nizhny Novgorod, 603950 Russian Federation
Keywords: турбулентная диффузия, аэрозоль, лагранжева и эйлерова статистики, якобиан, многопотоковость, turbulent diffusion, aerosol, Lagrange and Euler statistics, jacobian, multistream
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We describe diffusion processes when aerosol particles are moving in the atmosphere. The impact of particles' inertia and diffusion coefficient on multistream formation was determined via the numerical solution of the Fokker-Planck equation. The simulation has been performed within the certain range of parameters, considering turbulent diffusion effects in real atmospheric conditions. The results of the study may be useful in interpreting aerosol optical sensing data.
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V.N. Makarov
Melnikov Permafrost Institute, Merzlotnaya St., 36, Yakutsk, 677010 Russia
Keywords: Сибирь, мерзлотные ландшафты, снег, углерод, органические карбоновые кислоты (муравьиная, уксусная, щавелевая), поступление, Siberia, permafrost landscapes, snow, organic carboxylic acids (formic, acetic, oxalic), migration
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The ingress of carbon into the snow cover with ions of organic carboxylic acids (formic (formate), acetic (acetate), and oxalic (oxalate)) in the permafrost landscapes of Eastern Siberia is studied. The content of ions of organic carboxylic acids is estimated in areas with the latitude-zonal and mountain-belt type of permafrost landscapes. The maximal content is observed in middle-taiga landscapes. The density of ingress of ions of organic carboxylic acids in snow of permafrost landscapes is subject to altitudinal zonation and follows a decrease in the total mass of plants, which are the main source of organic carboxylic acids in the atmosphere. In the middle-taiga landscapes, organic carboxylic acids can have a significant effect on the ingress of carbon with precipitation. In all mountain-belt types of permafrost landscapes, the bulk of carbon comes from carbonates (bicarbonates), and the role of organic carboxylic acids in the ingress of carbon into snow is insignificant and sharply decreases with an increase in altitude.
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S.M. Bobrovnikov1,2, E.V. Gorlov1,2, V.I. Zharkov1
1V.E. Zuev Institute of Atmospheric Optics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 1, Academician Zuev square, Tomsk, 634021, Russia
2National Research Tomsk State University, 36, Lenin Avenue, Tomsk, 634050,Russia
Keywords: лидар, комбинационное рассеяние света, дистанционное обнаружение, высокоэнергетические материалы, lidar, Raman scattering, remote detection, high energetic materials
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Experimental results on the remote detection of surface traces of some high energetic materials using a Raman lidar constructed on the basis of an excimer KrF laser with the narrow generation line and a multi-channel spectrum analyzer based on the diffraction spectrograph and a time gated ICCD camera are presented. The sensitivity of the lidar system for a detection range of 10 m was evaluated. The influence of a substrate material on the sensitivity of the detection method is analyzed.
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A.V. Nevzorov1, S.I. Dolgii1, A.P. Makeev1,2, A.V. El’nikov3
1V.E. Zuev Institute of Atmospheric Optics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 1, Academician Zuev square, Tomsk, 634021, Russia
2National Research Tomsk State University, 36, Lenin Avenue, Tomsk, 634050, Russia
3Surgut State University, 1, Lenin Avenue, Surgut, 628403, Russia
Keywords: лидар, лазерное зондирование атмосферы, вертикальное распределение стратосферного аэрозоля, lidar, laser sounding of atmosphere, stratospheric ozone vertical distribution
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In the work, we present the observations of anomalous aerosol layers in the stratosphere over Tomsk (56.5°N, 85.0°E), performed at the Siberian Lidar Station, Institute of Atmospheric Optics, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences at two wavelengths (355 and 532 nm) in the summer-fall period of 2017, as well as the trajectory analysis of their motion. The trajectory analysis shows that these aerosol layers in the stratosphere over Tomsk were due to forest fires in the region of the Lake Athabasca (Canada) occurred in mid-August. The analysis of observations on the basis of Ångström parameter allowed us to conjecture that, within assumptions described in the paper, the Ångström parameter of the background ensemble of scattering particles in the stratosphere is X » 2.8. It is noteworthy that the values of Ångström parameter ( X = 1 ¸ 2.5), obtained at altitudes where aerosol layers were located, were characteristic for soot aerosol.
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V.G. Sokovikov, A.G. Filonov, D.V. Shiyanov
V.E. Zuev Institute of Atmospheric Optics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 1, Academician Zuev square, Tomsk, 634021, Russia
Keywords: лазер на парах европия, ионный Eu-лазер, атомный Eu-лазер, буферный газ, деградация активной среды, europium vapor laser, ion Eu-laser, atom Eu-laser, buffer gas, degradation of the active medium
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The lasing characteristics of atomic He + Eu and Ne + Eu vapor lasers at the y8P9/2 → 87Deq \o\al(11/2,0) transition with a wavelength of 1.76 mm were compared. It is shown that the output power and pulsed energy of the He + Eu laser, depending on the pump power and pulse repetition frequency, are slightly worse than those of the Ne + Eu laser. An empirical model is proposed to explain the behavior of the He + Eu laser output power as a function of the input power. It was established that the lifetime of the He + Eu laser does not exceed two hours, while the Ne + Eu laser by the end of the experiment operated about 200 hours. It has been suggested that the relaxation of metastable levels of the ion and atom of europium and degradation of active media consisting of a mixture of europium and helium vapors is responsible for the same process involving helium.
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