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Russian Geology and Geophysics

2018 year, number 7

1.
THE AGE AND TECTONIC SETTING OF THE LUKINDA DUNITE-GABBRO-ANORTHOSITE MASSIF IN THE EAST OF THE SELENGA-STANOVOI SUPERTERRANE, THE CENTRAL ASIAN FOLD BELT

I.V. Buchko1, A.A. Sorokin1, A.B. Kotov2, A.V. Samsonov3, Yu.O. Larionova3, V.A. Ponomarchuk4, A.M. Larin2
1Institute of Geology and Nature Management, Far East Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, per. Relochnyi 1, Blagoveshchensk, 675000, Russia
2Institute of Precambrian Geology and Geochronology, Russian Academy of Sciences, nab. Makarova 2, St. Petersburg, 199034, Russia
3Institute of Geology of Ore Deposits, Petrography, Mineralogy and Geochemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Staromonetnyi per. 35, Moscow, 199017, Russia
4V.S. Sobolev Institute of Geology and Mineralogy, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, pr. Akademika Koptyuga 3, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
Keywords: Дуниты, троктолиты, габбро, пермь, триас, геохронология, Селенгино-Витимский пояс, Dunites, troctolites, gabbro, Permian, Triassic, geochronology, Selenga-Vitim belt

Abstract >>
Results of integrated 40Ar/39Ar, Rb-Sr, and Sm-Nd geochronological studies of the Lukinda dunite-troctolite-gabbro-anorthosite massif in the northeast of the Selenga-Stanovoi superterrane, Central Asian Fold Belt, are presented. It is shown that this massif is much younger than formerly thought: 249 ± 14 to 251 ± 15 Ma vs. Paleoproterozoic. This date of magmatism corresponds to one of the stages of the formation of the Selenga-Vitim belt, which ranks among the largest Phanerozoic volcanoplutonic belts in Central Asia.



2.
THE AGE AND PETROLOGIC AND GEOCHEMICAL CONDITIONS OF FORMATION OF THE KOGTAKH GABBRO-MONZONITE COMPLEX IN THE KUZNETSK ALATAU

V.V. Vrublevskii1, A.D. Kotel’nikov1, A.E. Izokh2,1,3
1Tomsk State University, pr. Lenina 36, Tomsk, 634050, Russia
2V.S. Sobolev Institute of Geology and Mineralogy, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, pr. Akademika Koptyuga 3, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
3Novosibirsk State University, ul. Pirogova 2, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
Keywords: Субщелочной магматизм, геохимия, геохронология, геодинамическая обстановка, мантийный плюм, коровая контаминация, гранатовый перидотит, магмо-, петрогенезис, Кузнецкий Алатау, Центрально-Азиатский складчатый пояс, Subalkalic magmatism, geochemistry, geochronology, geodynamic setting, mantle plume, crustal contamination, garnet peridotite, magma genesis, petrogenesis, Kuznetsk Alatau, Central Asian Orogenic Belt

Abstract >>
We present new data on the U-Pb age of zircons, geochemistry of trace elements, and isotope (Nd, Sr, O) composition of rocks of the Kogtakh gabbro-monzonite complex on the eastern slope of the Kuznetsk Alatau Ridge. The established age of zircon in the rocks of the main intrusive phases (500-480 Ma) is taken as the time of formation of the Kogtakh complex in the Late Cambrian-Early Ordovician, during the accretion-collision stage of evolution of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt. The distribution and ratios of LILE and HFSE in the rocks suggest that the intrusions proceeded under interaction of the PREMA + EM/OIB mantle plume and the suprasubductional lithospheric IAB mantle. The mantle-crust interaction led to the heterogeneous isotopic composition of neodymium in the magma source (εNd(T) ~ 3.5-5.4). The mixing of different mantle and continental-crust materials resulted in an increase in isotope parameters: (87Sr/86Sr) T ~ 0.7039-0.7052, εSr(T) ~ 0-19, and δ18О ~ 6.5-8.8‰ (SMOW). The REE ratio in the least differentiated gabbroids indicates different depths of probable magma chambers and the formation of their primary ((Tb/YbPM) > 1.8) mafic melts at different degrees of melting of the model garnet peridotite.



3.
GEOCHEMICAL FEATURES AND GENESIS OF CONTINENTAL COBALT-RICH FERROMANGANESE CRUSTS

S.O. Maksimov, P.P. Safronov
Far East Geological Institute, Far East Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, pr. 100-letiya Vladivostoka 159, Vladivostok, 690022, Russia
Keywords: Флюидная деструкция, кобальтоносные бариевые ЖМК, голландит, цериевый парадокс, Fluid destruction, cobalt-rich barium ferromanganese crusts, hollandite, cerium paradox

Abstract >>
Mass cobalt-rich ferromanganese microcrusts and nodules similar in morphology and chemical composition to cobalt-rich ferromanganese deep-ocean crusts were found in Cenozoic volcanic rocks in southern Primorye. Research has shown that ore genesis of this type is genetically related to argillization and destruction of siliceous rocks by CO2-rich fluids, which is confirmed by experimental data on carbon erosion of iron-containing materials. Two types of this fluid ore genesis are recognized: (1) relatively high-temperature (vapor-condensate), related to late volcanic processes and fracture gas infiltration, and (2) low-temperature (vapor-liquid-condensate), controlled by degassing followed by carbon mobilization (gasification). Primarily colloidal ferromanganese segregations have high contents of Co, Ni, Pb, Cu, and Ce, typical of oceanic ore genesis. Regardless of the contents of these metals in the protolith, their contents in microcrusts are similar (n-10n) wt.%. This indicates the same ore genesis mechanism and similar sorption properties of the colloidal ferromanganese material formed. Barium- and cerium-rich ferromanganese microcrusts and nodules are abundant. Condensed drops of iron-containing platinum were found in apobasaltic nickel-rich ferromanganese segregations. There is a cerium paradox expressed as a minimum or a total lack of cerium among REE phosphates associated with ferromanganese microcrusts. Fluid destruction and oxide metallization of ocean-floor basalts are assumed to be the main source of metals for oceanic ferromanganese crusts and nodules.



4.
THE ROLE OF ECLOGITES IN THE REDISTRIBUTION OF WATER IN THE SUBCONTINENTAL MANTLE OF THE SIBERIAN CRATON: RESULTS OF DETERMINATION OF THE WATER CONTENT IN MINERALS FROM THE UDACHNAYA PIPE ECLOGITES

M.V. Kolesnichenko1,2, D.A. Zedgenizov1,2, A.L. Ragozin1,2, K.D. Litasov1,2, V.S. Shatsky1,2,3
1V.S. Sobolev Institute of Geology and Mineralogy, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, pr. Akademika Koptyuga 3, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
2Novosibirsk State University, ul. Pirogova 2, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
3A.P. Vinogradov Institute of Geochemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Favorskogo 1a, Irkutsk, 664033, Russia
Keywords: Вода, эклогит, литосферная мантия, Сибирский кратон, Water, eclogite, lithospheric mantle, Siberian craton

Abstract >>
A comprehensive study of 26 mafic mantle xenoliths from the Udachnaya kimberlite pipe was carried out. The contents of major and trace elements, equilibrium temperature parameters, and water content in the rock-forming minerals were determined. The temperatures of formation of the studied rocks are estimated at 800-1300 ºC. According to IR spectroscopy data, the water content in clinopyroxenes from the studied eclogites varies from values below the detection limit to 99 ppm. The IR spectra of garnets lack bands of water. The water content in clinopyroxene and orthopyroxene from garnet websterite is 72 and 8 ppm, respectively. The water content in the average rock, calculated from the ratio of the rock-forming minerals, varies from a few to 55 ppm. No relationship among the water content, equilibrium temperatures, and rock composition is established. The low water contents in the eclogites are close to the earlier determined water contents in peridotites from the same pipe and are, most likely, due to the re-equilibration of the eclogites with the rocks of peridotitic lithospheric mantle with the rocks. The dehydration of the protolith during its subduction and the partial melting of eclogites before their removal by kimberlitic magma to the surface might be an additional cause of the low water contents in the mantle eclogite xenoliths.



5.
GRAVITY FIELD, SURFACE TOPOGRAPHY, AND VOLCANIC COMPLEXES OF KAMCHATKA AND ITS JUNCTION WITH THE ALEUTIAN ARC

N.L. Dobretsov1,2, A.N. Vasilevskiy1,2
1A.A. Trofimuk Institute of Petroleum Geology and Geophysics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, pr. Akademika Koptyuga 3, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
2Novosibirsk State University, ul. Pirogova 2, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
Keywords: Тектоника, геодинамика, вулканоплутонические структуры, гравитационные аномалии, комплексная интерпретация, Камчатский регион, Tectonics, geodynamics, volcanoplutonic complexes, free-air and Bouguer gravity anomalies, integrated interpretation, Kamchatka

Abstract >>
The paper deals with interpretation of global digital maps of gravity anomalies and surface topography for the northwestern Pacific and Kamchatka regions. A transformation procedure is suggested to reveal subtle features of surface topography against high elevation contrasts. Gravity data (free-air and Bouguer anomalies) have important implications for the evolution of the circum-Pacific region and the problems of volcanism and geodynamics in subduction zones. The patterns of gravity anomalies and transformed topography interpreted jointly with onshore and offshore geological data can make a basis for tectonic paleoreconstructions of upper crust and lithospheric mantle structures.



6.
CRUST STRUCTURE OF THE NORTHEASTERN BARENTS SEA BASIN AREA

A.L. Piskarev1,2, A.A. Kireev1, V.A. Savin1, O.E. Smirnov1
1All-Russian Research Institute of World Ocean Geology and Mineral Resources, Angliyskii pr. 1, St. Petersburg, 190121, Russia
2St. Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya nab. 7/9, St. Petersburg, 199034, Russia
Keywords: Осадочный бассейн, моделирование, земная кора, палеонадвиг, Баренцево море, Sedimentary basin, modeling, crust, paleothrust, Barents Sea

Abstract >>
Processing of data from regional geophysical surveys completed in the northern Barents Sea has provided updates to gravity and magnetic databases, structural maps of seismic interfaces, and positions of anomaly sources, which made a basis for 3D density and magnetic models of the crust. The new geological and geophysical results placed constraints on the boundaries between basement blocks formed in different settings and on the contours of deposition zones of different ages in the northeastern Barents Sea. The estimated thicknesses of sedimentary sequences that formed within certain time spans record the deposition history of the region. There is a 20-50 km wide deep suture between two basins of Mesozoic and Paleozoic ages in the eastern part of the region, where pre-Late Triassic reflectors have no clear correlation. The suture slopes eastward at a low angle and corresponds to a paleothrust according to seismic and modeling data. In the basement model, the suture is approximated by a zone of low magnetization and density, which is common to active fault systems. The discovery of the suture has important geological and exploration implications.



7.
NEOTECTONICS OF THE KHARAULAKH SECTOR OF THE LAPTEV SHELF

V.S. Imaev1,2, L.P. Imaeva1,2, O.P. Smekalin1,2, A.V. Chipizubov1, A.N. Ovsyuchenko3, I.I. Kolodeznikov4
1Institute of the Earth's Crust, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Lermontova 128, Irkutsk, 664033, Russia
2Institute of Geology of Diamond and Precious Metals, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, pr. Lenina 33, Yakutsk, 677007, Russia
3Schmidt Institute of Physics of the Earth, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Bol. Gruzinskaya 10, str. 1, Moscow, 123242, Russia
4Academy of Sciences of the Sakha Republic (Yakutia), pr. Lenina 33, Yakutsk, 677007, Russia
Keywords: Региональные сегменты, активные разломы, кинематические типы, парагенезисы активных структур, палеосейсмогенные структуры, позднекайнозойские деформации, механизм землетрясения, сейсмотектонические деформации, режимы напряженно-деформированного состояния земной коры, Хараулахский сектор Арктической зоны, Active fault, slip geometry, paleoseismogenic structure, Late Cenozoic deformation, earthquake mechanism, seismotectonics, crustal stress and strain, Kharaulakh sector, Laptev Shelf

Abstract >>
Seismotectonic deformation and crustal stress pattern have been studied comprehensively in major seismogenic structures of the Kharaulakh sector of the Verkhoyansk folded system and adjacent parts of the Chersky seismotectonic zone. The study focuses on neotectonic structures, deep structure, and systems of active faults, as well as tectonic stress fields inferred by tectonophysical analysis of Late Cenozoic faults and folds. The results, along with geological and geophysical data, reveal main strain directions and structural patterns of crustal stress and strain in the Arctic segment of the Eurasia-North America plate boundary. The area is a junction of mid-ocean and continental structures evolving in a mixed setting of extension, compression, and their various combinations. The rotation pole of the two plates is presumably located near Buor-Khaya Bay. In this case, extension is expected to act currently upon the neotectonic structures north of the bay and compression to control those in the south and southeast. This inference is consistent with the identified zoning of stress and strain in the Kharaulakh sector.



8.
APPLICATION OF ELECTRICAL PROSPECTING METHODS TO PETROLEUM EXPLORATION ON THE NORTHERN MARGIN OF THE SIBERIAN PLATFORM

A.P. Afanasenkov1, D.V. Yakovlev2
1All-Russian Research Geological Oil Institute, shosse Entuziastov 36, Moscow, 105118, Russia
2Nord-West LTD, Business center “Rumyantsevo”, bld. 1, korpus “A”, office 412, der. Rumyantsevo, Leninskii raion, Moskovskaya oblast, 142784, Russia
Keywords: Электроразведка, МТЗ, ЗСБ, региональные исследования, Енисей-Хатангский региональный прогиб, Гыдан, Анабаро-Хатангская седловина, Таймыр, Electrical prospecting, magnetotelluric sounding, TDEM, regional studies, Yenisei-Khatanga regional trough, Gydan, Anabar-Khatanga saddle, Taimyr

Abstract >>
This paper considers the potential of modern electrical prospecting methods for evaluating oil and gas occurrence on the northern margin of the Siberian Platform-a vast region from the Gydan Peninsula to the mouth of the Lena River. Results of regional electrical surveyes over the past 12 years in this region are generalized. The capabilities of electrical prospecting for solving the following four problems are defined: survey, in conjunction with seismics and drilling, in the Jurassic-Cretaceous part of the section; study of the structure of the Paleozoic sequence; study of the junction zones of large geoblocks and deep structure of the Earth’s crust and upper mantle; and study of the permafrost.



9.
THE BAZHENOV HORIZON OF WEST SIBERIA: STRUCTURE, CORRELATION, AND THICKNESS

S.V. Ryzhkova1,2, L.M. Burshtein1,2, S.V. Ershov1, V.A. Kazanenkov1, A.E. Kontorovich1,2, V.A. Kontorovich1,2, A.Yu. Nekhaev1, B.L. Nikitenko1,2, M.A. Fomin1,2, B.N. Shurygin1,2, A.L. Beizel’1, E.V. Borisov1, O.V. Zolotova1, L.M. Kalinina1,2, E.V. Ponomareva1
1A.A. Trofimuk Institute of Petroleum Geology and Geophysics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, pr. Akademika Koptyuga 3, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
2Novosibirsk State University, ul. Pirogova 2, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
Keywords: Баженовский горизонт, баженовская свита, корреляция скважин, маргинальный фильтр, Западная Сибирь, Bazhenov Horizon, Bazhenov Formation, well-to-well correlation, marginal filter, West Siberia

Abstract >>
The type sections of the Bazhenov Horizon and formations recognized within this horizon have been identified based on a comprehensive analysis of paleontological, lithological, geophysical (well-log and CDP seismic data), and geochemical data on the West Siberian Basin. The Bazhenov Horizon was traced throughout the entire West Siberian sedimentary basin. The criteria for the recognition of the top and base of this horizon within the stratigraphic equivalents of the Bazhenov Formation were suggested. The proposed facies-stratigraphic zonation of the Bazhenov Horizon reflects the spatial location of all formations identified within this horizon. As seen on the newly proposed thickness map, the Bazhenov Horizon reaches a thickness of 15-25 m within the Bazhenov and Tutleim Formations, 30-35 m within the Mulym’ya Formation, 30-45 m within the Danilov Formation, 40-65 m within the Mar’yanovka Formation, up to 100 m within the Golchikha Formation, >350 m within the Yanov Stan Formation, up to 35 m within the Bagan Formation, and 35-40 m within the Maksimkin Yar Formation. A marginal filter (according to A.P. Lisitzin) has been identified along the East Siberian land.



10.
THE MAURYNYA SECTION, WEST SIBERIA: A KEY SECTION OF THE JURASSIC-CRETACEOUS BOUNDARY DEPOSITS OF SHALLOW MARINE GENESIS

O.S. Dzyuba1, E.B. Pestchevitskaya1, O.S. Urman1, B.N. Shurygin1,2, A.S. Alifirov1,2, A.E. Igolnikov1,2, I.N. Kosenko1,2
1A.A. Trofimuk Institute of Petroleum Geology and Geophysics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, pr. Akademika Koptyuga 3, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
2Novosibirsk State University, ul. Pirogova 2, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
Keywords: Волжский и рязанский ярусы, литология, стратиграфия, биоразнообразие, палеоэкология, палеотемпературы, Западная Сибирь, Volgian and Ryazanian Stages, lithology, stratigraphy, biodiversity, paleoecology, paleotemperatures, West Siberia

Abstract >>
The Maurynya section exposed on the northwestern margin of West Siberia is one of few continuous sections of the Jurassic-Cretaceous boundary deposits in Boreal regions. In the meantime, it can be considered a reference section for the transitional Volgian-Ryazanian beds formed in shallow water environments of the West Siberian sea basin. This study is a synthesis of the new data with previous results of lithologic, paleontological, biostratigraphic, and (O, C, Sr) isotope studies of the Upper Volgian-lowermost Ryazanian of the Maurynya section. It has been established that the beginning of the Cretaceous (corresponding to the middle Late Volgian) is associated with a drastic decrease in species number and diversity of cephalopods and bivalve mollusks on the northwestern margin of the West Siberian sea basin. This can be explained by an increase in its depths and their stabilization at a level which appeared optimal for the habitat of nekton, nektobenthos, and benthic fauna communities, superimposed on the general trend of warming. At the same time, the percentage of phytoplankton significantly increased, indicating the onset of transgression, which affected largely coastal landscapes and type of vegetation: The forests dominated by conifers were gradually succeeded by forests mostly composed of Ginkgoaceae.



11.
SEQUENCE STRATIGRAPHY OF THE BERRIASSIAN-LOWER APTIAN DEPOSITS OF WEST SIBERIA

S.V. Ershov
A.A. Trofimuk Institute of Petroleum Geology and Geophysics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, pr. Akademika Koptyuga 3, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
Keywords: Нижний мел, сиквенс-стратиграфия, сиквенс, системный тракт, клиноформа, цикличность осадконакопления, Западно-Сибирский осадочный бассейн, Lower Cretaceous, sequence stratigraphy, sequence, systems tract, clinoform, cyclicity of sedimentation, West Siberian sedimentary basin

Abstract >>
The geologic structure and conditions of formation of a Lower Cretaceous clinoform complex in West Siberia are examined based on sequence stratigraphy. The regional Berriasian-Hauterivian clinoforms are interpreted as third-order sequences, and their formation should be considered in terms of the Depositional Sequence III model. Productive beds of both shallow and deep marine as well as continental genesis formed mostly in a regressive basin and belong to the highstand systems tracts.