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Avtometriya

2018 year, number 3

1.
COMPLEXING OF CLASSIFIERS IN THE PROBLEM OF THEMATIC PROCESSING OF HYPERSPECTRAL AEROSPACE IMAGES

E. V. Dmitriev1, V. V. Kozoderov2, A. O. Dement'ev1, A. N. Safonova3
1Institute of Computational Mathematics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119333, Moscow, ul. Gubkina, 8
2Moscow State University, 119991, Moscow, Leninskie Gory, 1
3Institute of Space and Information Technologies, 660074, Krasnoyarsk, ul. Academika Kirenskogo, 26, korp. 1
Keywords: дистанционное зондирование, гиперспектральные изображения, распознавание образов, тематическая обработка, классификация, remote sensing, hyperspectral images, pattern recognition, thematic processing, classification

Abstract >>
This paper describes the problem of thematic processing of hyperspectral aerospace images. The proposed technique is based on a decoding algorithm, allows constructing an effective algorithm of multiclass classification based on a combination of standard algorithms of binary classification of various complexity. The choice of the configuration of the classification algorithm is substantiated. Test calculations based on model and real data are used to show the effectiveness of the proposed approach to recognition of objects by hyperspectral images.



2.
PLANETAMONITORING SOFTWARE COMPLEX IN APPLIED REMOTE SENSING PROBLEMS

V. V. Asmus1, A. A. Buchnev2, V. A. Krovotyntsev1, V. P. Pyatkin2, G. I. Salov2
1Research Center “Planeta”, 123242, Moscow, Bol’shoi Predtechenskii per., 7
2Institute of Computational Mathematics and Mathematical Geophysics, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090, Novosibirsk, prosp. Akademika Lavrent’eva, 6
Keywords: дистанционное зондирование, многозональные спутниковые изображения, программные технологии, предварительная обработка, классификация с обучением, кластерный анализ, статистическое выделение линейных и кольцевых структур, пространственные перемещения природных объектов, remote sensing, multizone satellite images, software technologies, pre-processing, classification with learning, cluster analysis, statistical allocation of linear and ring structures, spatial displacements of natural objects

Abstract >>
This paper describes a PlanetaMonitoring software complex, developed jointly by the Scientific Research Center “Planeta” and the Institute of Computational Mathematics and Mathematical Geophysics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, which implements the software technologies of pre-processing and thematic processing of multizone satellite images of optical, infrared, and microwave ranges. This work also touches upon the use of some technologies of pre-processing of satellite data, particularly brightness and geometric transformations, geocoding, and compilation of survey installation. Thematic processing of multizone satellite images by software technologies for object recognition (without and with learning), allocation and mapping of lineaments and ring structures, as well as determining the spatial movement of natural objects (ice fields, water masses, and cloud formations in the atmosphere) over time-different satellite images is described. These software technologies are used in solving a number of applied problems of Earth remote sensing.



3.
CREATION OF PANORAMIC AERIAL PHOTOGRAPH ON THE BASIS OF MULTIBAND MIXING

M. N. Favorskaya, A. I. Pakhirka, A. G. Zotin, V. V. Buryachenko
Siberian State University of Science and Technology, 660037, Krasnoyarsk, prosp. im. gazety ”Krasnoyarskii Rabochii”, 31
Keywords: аэрофотоснимок, панорама, точечные дескрипторы, выравнивание освещённости, многополосное смешивание, aerial photograph, panorama, point descriptors, illumination levelling, multiband mixing

Abstract >>
A panoramic aerial photograph composed of a series of consecutive images obtained from a pilotless aircraft allows for more accurate recognition of visual objects. Automatic joining of aerial photographs is a complex technical problem, especially in the presence of artefacts of the recording equipment and video-recording conditions. It is believed that a sequence of joined images is known and determined by the flight trajectory. The proposed method for joining aerial photographs is based on illumination levelling and multiband mixing. The possibilities of application of SURF, FAST, FAST-ER, and KAZE point descriptors for joining images are studied. It is shown that the point descriptors on the basis of nonlinear diffuse filtering yield the best results with regard to accuracy in the presence of global and/or local visual distortions of joined images.



4.
SEISMIC SIGNAL PROCESSING FOR TRAJECTOR ASSESSMENT OF A MOVING VEHICLE

Yu. V. Morozov, M. A. Raifel’d, A. A. Spektor
Novosibirsk State Technical University, 630073, Novosibirsk, prosp. K. Marx, 20
Keywords: пассивная сейсмическая локация, оценка траектории, метод максимального правдоподобия, энергетические свойства среды, геофон, passive seismic location, trajectory estimation, maximum likelihood method, energy properties of the medium, geophone

Abstract >>
The application of signal energy parameters to estimate the motion of objects with continuous influence on soil in systems of passive seismic location is considered. Statistics for measured values of signal powers with account for energy properties of the medium are proposed. The influence of displacement of the object on the ratio of signal powers on different sensors is analyzed. The results of testing the algorithm for estimating the parameters of the trajectory of rectilinear motion of a car are given.



5.
GEOINFORMATIONAL WEB SYSTEM AND INSTRUMENTAL MEASUREMENT OF OPERATIONAL ESTIMATION OF ATMOSPHERIC POLLUTION

O. E. Yakubailik1,2, A. A. Kadochnikov1, A. V. Tokarev1
1Institute of Computational Modeling SB RAS, 660036, Krasnoyarsk, Akademgorodok, 50, p. 44
2Siberian Federal University, 660041, Krasnoyarsk, prosp. Svobodnyi, 79
Keywords: веб-ГИС, веб-сервисы, экологический мониторинг, AQI, загрязнение атмосферы, взвешенные частицы, мелкодисперсная пыль, пространственные данные, геопортал, Arduino, аэрозоль, web GIS, web services, environmental monitoring, pollution of the atmosphere, suspended particles, fine dust, spatial data, geoportal, aerosol

Abstract >>
This paper touches upon the experience of research and development of software and hardware for monitoring atmospheric pollution of industrial cities, carried out at the Institute of Computational Modeling of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Functional possibilities, architectural features, and user interface of the distributed geoinformation web-system of ecological monitoring of the city of Krasnoyarsk, which is being developed in service-oriented architecture, are discussed. Data are collected from automated posts for observing the state of atmospheric air and services of aggregation and representation of information in the form of interactive graphs and thematic maps in the web interface. An original device is developed for measuring the pollution level of the atmosphere with fine dust (PM2.5), the data from which is fed in real time to the system via a cellular network. A system is formed for integral assessment of the pollution level of the atmosphere based on Atmospheric Quality Index (AQI) calculations.



6.
ESTIMATION OF SCAN RATE OF RANDOM TEXTURE BY A MULTI-ARRAY PHOTODECTOR

G. I. Gromilin1, V. P. Kosykh1,2, B.N. Drazhnikov3, K. V. Kozlov3, V. N. Vasil'ev4
1Institute of Automation and Electrometry, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Science, prosp. Akademika Koptyuga 1, Novosibirsk, 630090
2Novosibirsk State University, ul. Pirogova 2, Novosibirsk, 630090
3Orion Research and Production Association, ul. Kosinskaya 9, Moscow, 111538
4Research Institute of Optoelectronic Devices, ul. Leningradskaya 29, Sosnovyi Bor, 188540, Leningrad Region
Keywords: сканирующее устройство, матричный фотоприёмник, режим ВЗН, скорость сканирования, случайная текстура, спектр мощности, scanning device, photodetector array, TDM mode, scan speed, random texture, power spectrum

Abstract >>
Scanning devices based on a set of mutually biased photodetector arrays require a high degree of stabilization of the scan speed to increase the sampling rate in a direction orthogonal to the scanning direction for high quality of the image being formed. A new method is proposed for estimating the scanning rate, based on the analysis of displacements of images of arbitrary random texture created by arrays during scanning. The dependence of the accuracy of various methods of speed estimation on the statistical characteristics of the texture is studied by simulation. It is shown that even at a sufficiently high level of random noise (C/N =10) even for images with texture that satisfied the Nyquist criterion for each array, the scan speed estimation error does not exceed 0.1 % of the nominal value.



7.
METHOD OF REVERSIBLE COMPRESSION OF FRAMES OF MEASUREMENT DATA BASED ON PARQUET DIVISION

I. V. Bogachev, A. V. Levenets, E. U. Chue
Pacific National University, ul. Tikhookeanskaya 136, Khabarovsk 680035
Keywords: измерительные данные, кадр данных, сжатие, коэффициент сжатия, measurement data, data frame, compression, compression ratio

Abstract >>
The representation of measurement data as a bit space is considered. A method and an algorithm for reversible geometric compression of measurement data frames are proposed based on their transformation to a bit-like form with the subsequent mapping onto a plane and division into strictly homogeneous regions. Experimental results showing that the proposed algorithm provides high overall compression efficiency are presented.



8.
WAVELET-RECOGNITION OF THE TYPE OF DYNAMIC OBJECT DETECTED BY AN OPTICAL-ELECTRONIC DEVICE

A. N. Katulev1, M. F. Malevinskii2
1Central Scientific Research Institute of Military Forces of the Defense Ministry of the Russian Federation, Tver, 170026, Naberezhnaya Afanasiya Nikitina, 32
2Tver State University, ul. Zhelyabova 33, Tver 170100
Keywords: оптико-электронный прибор, тип динамического объекта, статистики и критерий распознавания, opto-electronic device, type of dynamic object, statistics and recognition criterion

Abstract >>
An algorithm for automatically recognizing the type of dynamic object detected by an optoelectronic device with an a priori uncertainty about the current background situation is proposed. Recognition is carried out from samples of statistics in the form of energies of wavelet spectra of the coordinates of the elevation angle, azimuth, and calculated maximum distance of the detected object. The recognition criterion is unbiased and the most powerful. Modeling has shown that the algorithm is highly efficient and implementable in real time on modern PC.



9.
EFFECT OF SURFACE WAVES FROM A MOVING OBJECT ON ITS IMAGE DURING RECONSTRUCTION USING APERTURAL SYNTHESIS

V. P. Yushchenko, V. N. Legkii, S. A. Litvinenko, S. A. Budnov
Novosibirsk State Technical University, prosp. K. Marksa 20, Novosibirsk, 630073
Keywords: поверхностная волна, ультразвук, монохроматический зондирующий сигнал, апертурный синтез, реконструкция изображения, траекторный сигнал, томография, surface wave, ultrasound, monochromatic sounding signal, aperture synthesis, image reconstruction, trajectory signal, tomography

Abstract >>
The reconstruction of an image of the section of a thin wire, obtained by an ultrasonic locator in an aqueous medium at frequency of 1.3 MHz with a monochromatic sounding signal is considered. Reconstruction of the image was carried out using a synthesized aperture by correlation processing of the trajectory Doppler signal with calculated reference trajectory signals from point objects. The disturbing effect of the reflected ultrasonic wave from the surface wave left by the moving wire on the image reconstruction is taken into account. The results of reconstruction of the image of the wire cross-section from model and experimental trajectory signals in the presence of a surface wave are given.



10.
METHODS OF IMPROVING THE CONTRAST OF COMBINED IMAGES AND THE LINEARITY OF THE EYE ACCOMODATION STIMULUS IN MULTIFOCAL THREE-DIMENSIONAL DISPLAYS

E. V. Vlasov
Design and Technology Institute of Scientific Instrumentation, SB RAS, ul. Russkaya 41, 630058, Novosibirsk
Keywords: 3D-изображение, план-изображение, аккомодация, комбинированные изображения, контраст, 3D image, plan-image, accommodation, combined images, contrast

Abstract >>
The contrast of a combination of two image plans spaced along the visual axis of the eye to stimulate the accommodation in 3D displays is analyzed. Two methods of normalization based on individual and group calculations of optimal coefficients of combinations for different diameter of the pupil of the eye at specified image resolution are proposed.



11.
SPECTRAL METHOD OF DETECTION OF LASER DOPPLER VELOCIMETER SIGNALS IN TURBULENT FLOWS

A. V. Klimov, V. G. Meledin, Yu. A. Anikin, D. V. Kulikov, S. V. Krotov, I. K. Kabardin
Kutateladze Institute of Thermophysics, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090, Novosibirsk, prosp. Akademika Lavrent'eva, 1
Keywords: детектирование сигнала, неравномерное детектирование, отношение сигнал/шум, спектральный метод, лазерный доплеровский измеритель скорости, турбулентный газожидкостный процесс, signal detection, nonuniform detection, signal/noise ratio, spectral method, laser Doppler velocimeter, turbulent gas-liquid process

Abstract >>
A spectral method of detection of laser Doppler velocimeter signals in turbulent flows is proposed. The method is based on estimating the signal/noise ratio adapted to the width of the signal power spectral density and comparing its value with the recognition threshold. Numerical simulations show that the error of the signal/noise ratio estimates is 1 % for different velocities of the turbulent flow. Physical experiments aimed at measuring turbulent aerodynamic processes show that the proposed method offers a possibility of eliminating the errors of calculating the mean value and the velocity scatter equal to 15 and 78 % by means of eliminating the signals with low signal/noise ratios from the processing system. Application of the proposed method also ensures lower irregularity of the signal/noise ratio estimates than that ensured by the famous method developed by Tropea for a wide range of turbulent velocities.



12.
ESTIMATION AND COMPENSATION FOR SIGNAL-SIGNAL BEATING INTERFERENCE FOR DIRECT DETECTION OFDM IN FIBER-OPTICAL TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS

V. A. Vardanyan
Siberian State University of Telecommunication and Informatics, 630102, Novosibirsk, ul. Kirova, 86
Keywords: волоконно-оптические системы передачи, прямое фотодетектирование, интерференционный шум биений между сигналами (SSBI), ортогональное частотное мультиплексирование (OFDM), однополосная оптическая модуляция (SSB), Q-фактор, fiber-optical transmission systems, direct detection (DD), signal-signal beating interference (SSBI), orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM), single sideband (SSB), Q-factor

Abstract >>
A mathematical model is developed for calculating the beating noise that occurs during photodetection of a single-band optical OFDM signal. The model allows one to estimate the spectral distribution of the beating noise and the distortion of the OFDM signal subcarrier levels due to fiber dispersion. The influence of the beating noise on orthogonal subcarrier channels, possible ways of increasing the system transmission capacity, and the method of noise compensation on the receiving side are investigated.



13.
METHOD OF INCREASING THE SPATIAL RESOLUTION IN DIGITAL HOLOGRAPHIC MICROSCOPY

V. I. Guzhov, S. P. Il'inykh, I. O. Marchenko
Novosibirsk State Technical University, 630073, Novosibirsk, prosp. K. Marksa, 20
Keywords: цифровая голография, голографическая микроскопия, интерферометрия, пространственный сдвиг, сверхразрешение, синтезированная апертура, digital holography, holographic microscopy, interferometry, spatial shift, superresolution, synthesized aperture

Abstract >>
A new method of increasing the spatial resolution in digital holographic microscopy is considered. The method is based on supplementing the initial hologram with results measured in the case of photodetector shifting in space by a value smaller than the resolution used. In contrast to other known approaches, this method does not require a system of equations to be solved.



14.
SPECIFIC FEATURES OF THE 85Rb SPECTRUM IN A CELL WITH AN ANTI-RELAXATION COATING

A. Krasteva1, R. K. Nasyrov2, N. Petrov1, S. Gateva1, S. Kartaleva1, K. A. Nasyrov2
1Institute of Electronics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1784, Bulgaria, Sofia, Tsaregradskoe Shosse, 72
2Institute of Automation and Electrometry, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090, Russia, Novosibirsk, prosp. Akademika Koptyuga, 1
Keywords: магнитооптический резонанс, антирелаксирующее покрытие, лазерное излучение, magneto-optical resonance, anti-relaxation coating, laser radiation

Abstract >>
Deformation of the spectrum of the D1 line of 85Rb in optical cells with an anti-reflection coating on the inner walls of the cell is studied. The spectrum shape is found to be significantly dependent on the velocity and direction of changes in the laser frequency. A physical explanation is provided for these features, which are confirmed by numerical simulations. The effect of the magnetic field on the spectrum shape is discussed.



15.
CONTROL OF AN ADAPTIVE OPTICAL SYSTEM WITH DEFORMABLE MIRRORS OF LOW AND HIGH FREQUENCY RESOLUTION

A. N. Borshevnikov, D. A. Dement'yev, E. V. Leonov, D. M. Lyakhov, G. N. Sokhareva, A. V. Chernykh, Yu. I. Shanin, V. I. Shchipalkin
Scientific Research Institute Scientific Industrial Association “Luch”, 142103, Podol'sk, Moscow Region, ul. Zheleznodorozhnaya, 24
Keywords: атмосферная турбулентность, волновой фронт, адаптивная оптическая система, деформируемое зеркало, датчик волнового фронта, низкочастотный корректор, высокочастотный корректор, atmospheric turbulence, wave front, adaptive optical system, deformable mirror, wavefront sensor, woofer corrector, tweeter corrector

Abstract >>
Control methods with the use of two deformable mirrors (correcting aberrations of high and low spatial frequencies, respectively) are briefly described. Results of preliminary experiments aimed at developing algorithms for deformable mirror control are reported.