Home – Home – Jornals – The journal "Ateroskleroz" 2017 number 3

The aim of this work was to study the combined effect on lipid metabolism (total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein, triglycerides) and hemostatic system anticoagulant from plant peony. Material and methods. The vegetable anticoagulantfrom roots of a peony Marin root ( P. anomala ) obtained by the authors was purified from proteins and standardized by koagulological, metachromatical and spectral methods, and determined its activity is 146.1 IU heparin(оid) in 1 ml. Structural features of the drug is established by the method of IR-spectroscopy. The experiments were performed in an experimental model of rats with metabolic syndrome. All animal experiments were conducted in accordance with ethical principles and documents recommended by the European Convention for the protection of vertebrate animals (Strasbourg 15.06.2006). Vegetable anticoagulant in the form of a 5 % extract containing heparin-like component was administered repeatedly (for 7 days) oral administration to animals (rats) at a daily dose 14.61 IU in a volume of 0.1 ml/200 g of body weight. To determine the functional state of hemostasis system was used koagulological standard methods. Determination of lipid profile parameters in blood plasma were measured for total cholesterol, high density lipoproteins (HDLP), low density lipoprotein (LDLP) and triglycerides. Produced weighing rats before and after the experiment. Results. In the development of the metabolic syndrome the use of herbal heparinoidcontributed hypolipidemic (reduction of triglycerides and LDLP by 33 and 16 %, respectively), anticoagulant (increase in activity of 27 %), fibrinolytic (increased activity of 46 %), fibrindepolymerization (increase in activity of 34 %) effects in the blood while the reduced body mass of animals in comparison with control. Conclusion. The obtained data make a detailed study of action mechanism of plant heparinoid from peony, revealing its other healthful properties, in addition to antithrombotic and lipolyticoperation, when used in minimal doses. This drug may be a promising therapeutic agent and can further be used in the treatment of diseases, including cardiovascular, complicated by thrombosis, and related disorders of lipid metabolism.

Objectives. The prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) rises worldwide due to the aging of global population and higher frequency of diabetes mellitus. Patients with CKD have many complicationts and comorbidities that affect the duration and quality of their life. Early atherosclerosis process can be assessed by measuring carotid intima-media thickness (IMT). The aim of this study was to assess the frequency of atherosclerotic process in patients with various CKD stages by using ultrasound, as harmless and cheap way that can be performed in everyday clinical practice. Material and methods. This cross-sectional study included 87 patients of all stages of chronic kidney disease. Mean estimated glomerular filtration rate was 40.1 (3-110) mL/min/1.73 m². IMT was measured at 10 mm of the common carotid arteries bifurcation. Methods of desciptive statistics, Pearson correlation coefficient, multiple linear regression and t-test were used to analyze data obtained from the study. Results. The mean value of IMT average was 1.10 ± 0.20 mm (minimum 0.70 mm, maximum 2.00 mm) and 56 out of 87 patients (64.37 %) had plaques in carotid arteries. Patients age, calcium phosphate product, creatinine level and creatinine clearance correlated significantly with both, IMT and the presence of plaque in carotid artery. IMT was significantly associated with parathyroid hormone level ( r = 0.238, p = 0.026). Conclusion. IMT is increased from early stages of CKD following the worsening of kidney function. Color doppler ultrasound of carotid arteries and measurement of IMT is of great importance in assessment of early atherosclerotic process development and cardiovascular risk estimation in patients with CKD.

The aim of the work is to develop a new atherogenic coefficient as a personalized method for assessing cardiovascular risk in patients with dyslipidemia. Materials and methods. The subject of the study was a sample of men and women ( n = 100 people) with lipid metabolism disorders aged 50-70 years (mean age 58.7 ± 3.2 years) without documented cardiovascular pathology, diabetes mellitus, hereditary dyslipidemia. As a result of the research, a new CA was created and tested, including additional non-lipid risk factors, which was calculated using the formula: risk SCOREЧ(non-HDL-C/HDL-C). Results and discussion. Positive correlation of coefficient values with conventional factors of cardiovascular risk: age, levels of TC and LDL cholesterol, systolic blood pressure, lipid coefficient of atherogenicity, and estimated risk for SCORE, the latter being the strongest. Negative, reliable correlation of the new CA was found with the female sex of patients. Important for clinical practice is the fact that it does not require invasive intervention and significant time and material costs for an additional examination.

Purposeis: to study the characteristics of dyslipidemia and its types depending on the duration of rheumatoid arthritis, to determine the most significant combination of risk factors for the development of atherosclerosis in women with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Material and methods: 223 women with RA were examined; the mean age was 55.3 ± 6.8 years. The patients were divided into 2 groups, depending on the duration of RA:group 1 included the patients with early RA lasting less than a year ( n = 87) and group 2 - more than 1 year ( n = 136). The patients from the group 2 were older than the women from the group 1 (55.7 ± 2.9 and 49.6 ± 1.4 years, respectively) ( p < 0.01). The analysis of risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD), blood lipid profile and markers of chronic inflammation, RA activity (VAS, DAS28), subclinical atherosclerosis markers was made. Total cardiovascular risk assessment in patients with RA was performed with mSCORE scale. Results. Dyslipidemia in women with RA is associated with markers of inflammatory activity (C-reactive protein (CRP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), rheumatoid factor (RF) and it is characterized by the increased LDL, triglycerides (TG), atherogenic index (AI) and decreased HDL. The increased level of total blood cholesterol was found to have been always associated with the abnormal content of other components of the lipid profile. Atherogenic dyslipidemia in early RA (group 1) occurred in 1.2 times more frequently than in patients having RA more than a year (72 and 62 % respectively), which is associated with the immune-inflammatory activity ( p < 0,05). Having been evaluated by mSCORE scale the risks for CVD in the groups were very high and high in more than 50 % of cases ( p < 0.05). Conclusion Dyslipidemia was common in groups. The significant predictors for atherosclerosis in women with RA can be supposed to be early menopause, pregnancy pathology, sleep disorders, depression, hypertension, increased total cholesterol level, LDL, AI, TG decreased HDL, high activity according to DAS 28, increased erythrocyte sedimentation rate, prednisolone taking.

In pancreatic cancer (PC) proved the role of obesity not only as a PC risk factor, but also as a factor associated with reduced survival in PC in adulthood. In PC is marked by increased lipogenesis: an increased need of cancer cells in the fatty acid (FA) is implemented not only by increasing lipogenesis de novo, but also by the exogenous FA assimilation, although several meta-analyses have not confirmed the importance of dietary fat in increasing the PC risk. Metabolic reprogramming of cancer cells is aimed at ensuring the rapid proliferation of tumor cells: the transition to aerobic glycolysis, increased expression of enzymes involved in the FA formation (citrate-synthase, ATP-citrate lyase and FA synthase - FASN), due to a mutation of the gene TP53 . As therapeutic agents in PC offer to inhibit FASN, and also impact prenylation and post-prenylation of oncogenes, in particular, KRAS , known as drugs, given the pleiotropic effect of atorvastatin and newly synthesized inhibitor farnesyltransferase R115777.

The review presents modern data on matrix metalloproteinases, their activators and inhibitors, as well as the results of numerous experimental and clinical studies of blood levels of these destructive enzymes in atherosclerosis, cardiovascular diseases and their complications, and discusses the mechanisms of action of metalloproteinases that lead to destabilization and rupture of atherosclerotic plaques.