Home – Home – Jornals – "Philosophy of Education" 2017 number 3

The concept of «educational space» in recent years is one of the most used in the scientific literature. Nevertheless, today there is no methodological unity in the matter of its categorical definition. The author presents his understanding of the modern educational space as well as the criteria by which it can be characterized. The material of the research are normative documents and prognostic assessments belonging to key institutions responsible for the present and future of educational policy as well as the educational environment itself (mainly domestic ones). This approach allows us to identify the direction of changes in modern education as a socio-cultural complex of interactions and practices. To identify the characteristics and key features of the modern educational space, the author turns to the analysis of key trends in modern education. This allows, first, to determine the coordinate system in which the formation is located. It makes possible to determine the topological characteristics of the phenomenon being analyzed. Secondly, the systematic and large scale of modern education in all its forms (including the claim of «life-long education») allows us to draw a conclusion about the spatial nature of education as a phenomenon of social and political reality. The increase in the mass character of education is accompanied by an increase in the individual dimension of the educational process, which means the formation of a new type of relationship within the space of the reproduction of knowledge and innovations. An important factor in the process of transforming the educational space is also the widespread use of information and technology tools, which probably speeds up the process of introducing change. At the same time, geographical expansion (increase in coverage) of the educational space can be accompanied by a functional contraction and even the «withering away» of certain elements. The analysis of changing elements allows the author to distinguish unchanged (at least, relatively stable) features in the educational space. From the point of view of the content of education, we are talking about unification, the tendency to eliminate barriers, and non-dogmatism. The form of educational attitudes and practices remains the same, but the form itself can receive new content, according to some predictions. Finally, on the basis of the dynamics of the development of education, the author concludes that today we are seeing the formation of a fundamentally new educational space which is different from the Modern age. Under these circumstances, special attention should be paid to the axiological component of education as a necessary component of the future global educational space.

The processes of integration and differentiation in education and their results affect the social dimension of modern domestic education. Social integration and differentiation in education can manifest themselves as positive and negative trends. Social differentiation in education at the institutional level contributes to the coexistence of comprehensive education and author schools, providing an expansion of the range of opportunities to meet the educational needs of the younger generation. Nevertheless, differentiation also manifests itself in the reproduction of social inequality and professional stratification (division of professions into prestigious and non-prestigious, not completely corresponding to the real demand for representatives of non-prestigious spheres of employment in the eyes of citizens). At the level of the organization of the educational process, by means of introduction of tutoring, differentiation contributes to the individualization of education. However, such an individualized education can become elite and inaccessible for most citizens. Social integration serves the purposes of uniting the nation and acculturation of migrants in Russian society via the education system. Inclusive education of schoolchildren and students with disabilities and developmental peculiarities contributes to their socialization. The common content of education and similar educational trajectories of its subjects are also aimed at forming a single picture of the world in the citizens of the country and their consolidation. But social integration without taking into account the special educational needs of gifted students, students with disabilities or representatives of ethnic cultures narrows their choice and horizon of development. The author of the article finds empirical confirmation of these theses and proposes a way out of the current situation, which is possible with the successful implementation of the project «Open Education» by the Ministry of Education and the Government of the Russian Federation.

In the modern information society, a huge amount of information has been accumulated of a very diverse nature - everyday, mass, cultural, scientific, religious, technical, technological, political, legal, ethical, aesthetic ones, etc. But only the information that as a whole works for a balanced development of man, society and environmental relations, can play an anti-crisis role, forms the necessary potential for a balanced knowledge of human relations with the world. In the conditions of dangerous anthropo-social and socio-cultural transformations, the problem of identifying and accumulating reliable knowledge of the creative nature, the complex study of man, his life activity and the transformations of man himself under the influence of various factors is becoming urgent. The selection of knowledge and knowledge complexes obtained in this direction can, in turn, be effectively applied in the philosophy of education and in the field of education. The emphasis is on the formation of anthropological knowledge in the philosophy of education. The question of the tripartite nature of the philosophical aspect of the philosophical and educational studies is discussed: 1) general philosophical one, 2) socio-philosophical, and 3) anthropo-philosophical ones.

The relevance of the article is connected with the search for the ways of forming a new educational vector. The latter depends on a large number of factors such as the influence of the state, scientific, industrial, cultural, familial, informational - communicative educational paradigms. The definition of «ideological matrix» for spontaneously emerging education is considered to be the problem at the changing of scientific worldview, social priorities and a new social order for education. It requires the initial conceptual scheme or model, based either on the integration of the listed educational «prototypes» or on a new conceptual scheme grounded on the sociocultural logical construct. Today, any of the following paradigms of education such as the degree of necessity, exclusivity and the importance for the improvement of culture and society, claims the status of an independent institution. Therefore, the use of «ideological matrix» is viewed as the philosophical understanding of the processes in education and these processes are caused by complex global cataclysms. The use of «ideological matrix» for the complex transformation of the basic concepts of education appears the most appropriate. This article leads to think: if there is a need to create a unified educational paradigm, or is it preferably that any of them should be developed and improved subjectively. This provision, however controversial it were, is largely due to the socio-cultural peculiarities of the Russian socio-historical system. This education of future that is formed in non-standard order is already related with the conditions of the contemporary socio-cultural situation.

The article shows the current trends and perspectives of using electronic educational resources in the process of teacher training. The author considered the most popular in the modern world and national practice Internet resources, online services and the possibility of their use in the educational process, also presented digital pedagogical University content, providing a systematic use of e-learning technologies.

The article discusses the problems of teaching a foreign language in higher education, in particular, the causes of student alienation, as well as the effective methods of cognitive activity and usage of learner-centered approach in order to overcome this type of alienation. The article is aimed at analyzing teaching a foreign language to the 1^st and 2^nd-year university students through podcasting. The article discusses the benefits of podcasts in learner-centered educational environment. The authors define the application of podcasting as an advanced method of teaching a foreign language.

The article deals with the integrative method of teaching a foreign language - the case study, describes the experience of applying this method in English classes in the preparation of students of international relations, the distinctive features and advantages of the case method are gradually revealed, which is considered as part of the independent teaching work of university students and the factor of increasing motivation. The authors analyze the problems of training future specialists, in particular, the practical using in everyday speaking and professional language: for the active using of foreign language, both in everyday and in professional and business communication. To solve these problems, the authors offer to use the case method, describe the stages of work with the case, the types of cases and the advantages of using this method.

This article discusses the causes and circumstances of the sustainable development of the media as a sign of political-administrative Internet communication. Analyzing the examples of such a communicative practice, the author reveals its journalistic nature and comes to the conclusion that blog entries of the representatives of political and administrative power are the new media that perform the basic functions of journalism and are fully involved in order to best inform the public about various administrative actions.

The main objective of this research was to study the effect of philosophical stories on the questioning spirits of fifth grade elementary male students in Second District of Ardebil city. The study population included all fifth grade students out of which 50 were selected through the available sampling method and were divided into two groups with 25 members as experiment and control groups. The research instrument was a researcher made questionnaire and using a quasi-experimental study with the kind of pretest-posttest which was implemented by the Lipman exploration method and the philosophy was taught in ten sessions to strengthen students' questioning skills. In order to stimulate students' curiosity and questioning is necessary for teaching philosophy to children, the philosophical discussions were taught with little intellectual stories. Multivariate analysis of covariance was used to analyze the research. The results showed that the null hypothesis is rejected and the research hypothesis was confirmed with 95% confidence, so philosophical stories have a positive impact on students' questioning spirit. The results of this study are consistent with the findings of researches conducted abroad.

According to a series of authors, knowledge of the general patterns and features of formation of the motional sphere of children with various deviations represents special importance for search of effective pedagogical remedies and methods of correction of motivational disturbances. For school students with disturbances of various nature in functioning of the acoustic analyzer, the movement is not only a condition of life support, an agent and a method of maintenance of working capacity, but also a way of development of all zones of a cortex of larger hemispheres of a brain, coordination of motional interactions, cognitive processes, corrections and compensations of disadvantages of physical and mental development. At the school age, indicators of physical development of children with various degree of hearing disorder also have the reduced level in comparison with the school students with normal hearing. Insufficiency of speech at children with a hearing disorder reduces the efficiency of educational and pedagogical process of physical training. Unfortunately, in the literature studied by us, there is no accurate definition of the sensitive periods of development of coordination abilities in deaf children, but only fragmentary studies of some motor qualities can be found. Researchers claim that the children with a hearing disorder having appreciable vestibular function have higher functionality when performing physical exercises. The process of adaptive physical training of deaf children of younger school age at physical education classes became an object of this research. The subject of the research is the influence of physical exercises on the development of coordination abilities of children of younger school age with a hearing disorder.

The article discusses the mechanisms of realization of the strategy of national policy in the sphere of general education. Major cities in Russia have always had a multinational (multiethnic) composition of the population, but in the last twenty years the problems of education and socialization of children of different nationalities have intensified in connection with the mass migration flows. Today the organs of social management need to know the problems in the modern conditions of the schools with a multinational structure, which are involved in education, upbringing and mutual adaptation of children of different ethnicity. School leaders noted that the administrative requirements for mandatory registration of migrant children and their parents transferred the activities of the institutions of educational in the plane of the Supervisory functions. Numerous inspections and monitoring hinder the normal development of the educational process. For example, the experience of schools working with migrant children, the analysis of specific organizational and content ways of teaching Russian language as non-native, mutual psychological adaptation and harmonization of interethnic relations among students of different nationalities. In the article we substantiate the need for special criteria for evaluating the activities of the multinational schools for recognition of their experimental sites, and the need for education coordinating Council for such educational institutions, financial, legal, methodological and material support of these schools, as well as the dissemination of their experience to other educational institutions. Specific proposals for governments and multinational schools to improve the work with migrant children are formulated.

The author of the article discusses the insufficiently investigated problem of rational and non-rational cognition and knowledge. The specificity of gnoseology and epistemology in rational and non-rational comprehension of the world is indicated. At the heart of the first there is the analytical and theoretical comprehension of the world, and at the heart of the second, the contemplative-intuitive one. Then the author turns to the little explored area of the methodology of non-rational cognition and compares it with the methodology of rational cognition. Next, the author points to the main approaches to the integration of epistemology and the methodology of rational and non-rational cognition on the basis of an integrated approach to research. The obtained results are of great importance in addressing the problem of man, man in education (training and upbringing) and the problem of the philosophy of education. The proposed approaches to understanding and transforming a person in the processes of education and upbringing are of direct practical importance for the preparation of an integral person, his/her full socialization and acculturation in the modern world.

In the article the detailed analysis of the system of values is carried out. As a result, it is established that the value nucleus of military culture based on the values of Russian state interacts with various forms of culture. In the work it is indicated that the values of military service, reflected in the consciousness of person, give to it the specific directivity and stability, the succession of behavior and activity; therefore values come out as an essential factor, which regulates and determines the motivation of the professional activity of the soldiers. The values are the basis of the formation of the worldview of the soldier. In the article, we examine the concept of the nucleus of the culture of military service; its basic components are identified: the sign-symbolic systems - language, the mechanisms of cultural translation - traditions, rituals and rites, the forms of social organization - military formations. Also, the basic components of the analysis of values are identified. In this case, a special attention is given to the analysis of the value nucleus of military culture taking into account the specific character of service itself.

In the article, ways of effective formation of color perception for the pupils in the painting classes are considered. The author suggests introducing into the educational process, before creation of a still life in color, a theoretical course, special short-term and training exercises allowing acquainting pupils of children's art school with the ways of color reproduction and picturesque techniques. At the same time, the process of training is built taking into account stimulation of personal initiatives of school students, their thought processes, has a personally focused direction and is based on self-expression of pupils, and the most important factor of this process is systematicity in performance of special exercises and tasks. Besides, the author came to conclusion that, for more rapid formation of complete color perception of pupils on the classes in painting at a prime grade level, it is necessary to use gouache as it is the most universal art material having a number of positive properties.