Home – Home – Jornals – The journal "Ateroskleroz" 2016 number 2

Purpose: to study the effect of fucoidan (sulfated polysaccharide from brown algae) on the dynamics of lipid metabolism in the mice model of dyslipidemia induced poloxamer P-407. Materials and methods. We used fucoidan, extracted from brown algae Fucus evanescens with a molecular weight 160 kDa. Experimental studies were conducted on noninbred white mice. The model of dyslipidemia and atherosclerosis in animals was induced by intraperitoneal injection of poloxamer 407 (P-407). Results. We revealed the ability of per os administration of fucoidan to normalize the basic parameters of lipid metabolism in mice with dyslipidemia (serum levels of triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol). Conclusion. Revealed experimental results allow to consider the fucoidan as the basis for the development of new biological products with lipid corrective action and to recommend it for further study in experimental and clinical trials.

Aim: The one of the main directions in the prevention of coronary heart disease (CHD) is to improve the technology for the detection of high cardiovascular risk persons for purpose of preventive measures aimed at the prevention of the disease. Object: To determine the most significant collection of risk factors for coronary atherosclerosis in men with metabolic syndrome. Material and Methods: The study involved 82 male patients with metabolic syndrome, divided into 2 groups of CHD after verification. All the patients were determined profile of lipid and carbohydrate metabolism and pro-inflammatory cytokines and adipokines. Results: The patients in the presence of coronary artery disease and MS have higher levels of CRP (p = 0.001 ) , IL -1 ( p = 0.017 ) , IL -6 ( p = 0.001) FNO (p = 0.001 ) , E - selectin ( p = 0.001 ) , and the patients without coronary artery disease have higher apelin levels. Conclusion: A multi-dimensional mathematical model created by us and based on the method of multivariate logistic regression analysis could allow to predict the presence of coronary atherosclerosis in patients with MS based on the analysis of the set of predictors obtained.

Background and aims: mutations in LDLR, APOB, PCSK9 genes determine the development of autosomal dominant forms of familial hypercholesterolemia. The PCSK9 gene encodes an enzyme involved in the metabolism of low density lipoprotein (LDL) by post-transcriptional regulation of the LDL receptors. Purpose: to perform analysis of PCSK9 rs562556, rs11591147 in Russian population and the population sub-samples of persons with hyper- and hypocholesterolemia; to investigate the PCSK9 protein association with rs562556, rs11591147 the PCSK9 gene at the population level. Materials and methods: genotyping rs562556 in the PCSK9 was carried out in a population and in the subgroup with hypercholesterolemia; genotyping rs11591147 was carried out in a population and in the subgroups with normal and low level of total cholesterol. Subgroups were included in the analyses in the HAPIEE project framework (9360 participants, 45-69 years old, 50% men). Blood lipid levels were determined using standard enzymatic assays. Genotyping of the PCSK9 rs11591147 was performed using PCR-RFLP and then confirmed by direct sequencing. Genotyping of the PCSK9 rs562556 was performed by RT-PCR using sets of "Syntol" (Russia). Results:Analysis of rs562556 association with lipid profile and PCSK9 protein blood levels showed these polymorphisms do not significantly contribute to forming hypercholesterolemia in Caucasian populations of Western Siberia."Loss of function" mutation R46L (PCSK9 rs11591147) association with total cholesterol levels in the group with normal and low levels of total cholesterol was revealed. Conclusion: The PCSK9 rs562556, rs11591147 alleles and genotypes frequency in the population and in the population subgroups with hyper- and hypocholesterolemia were determinedfor the first time in Russia. The Caucasian population of West Siberia does not significantly differ from populations of Europe by alleles and genotypes frequencies.A statistically significant association of the rare T allele of rs11591147 with low total cholesterol was determined.

Evaluation of clinical course and metabolic disorders in men and women with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and metabolic syndrome (MS). Was investigated 164 patients with NAFLD, including 103 men and 61 women. In comparative terms we studied clinical manifestations of NAFLD. All patients NAFLD was verified for the first time. We studied the functional state of the liver function, lipid, carbohydrate and insulin resistance. The study involved 164 patients with NAFLD, including 103 men aged 29 to 64 years and 61 women aged from 44 to 63 years. All the women were examined in a phase of physiological menopause. Patients were divided into 2 groups. In Group 1 included 124 patients with diagnostic criteria for MS, Group 2 consisted of 40 patients without MS. Violations evaluated differentially in men and women. NAFLD is found in most patients with MS in the background. However, a cluster of factors constituting MS significantly more pronounced in men. Main patofi-physiologically factors contributing to the formation of NAFLD, namely TS and-Disley-epidemic appeared to be more significant in men. Perhaps this may be due to bo-Lee early development of liver steatosis in males and younger age compared to women. NAFLD is diagnosed more often in men.

Aim. To study the prevalence of behavioral and psychosocial risk factors (RF) of cardiovascular disease (CVD) among students aged 18 - 24 years. Materials and methods. The study used a questionnaire of epidemiological study ESSAY-Russian, adapted for students. In 2014 and 2015, random sample of students were interviewed in high schools of Barnaul (596 persons). Prevalences of smoking, low physical activity, non-healthy diet, stress and depression among students ware investigated. Results. Prevalence of smoking among students was 12,4%. Young men were 2.4 times more likely to smoke than women (p <0.001) and smoked more cigarettes per day. 72.3% of the students used alcohol, 3.6% of men and 1.0% of women used alcohol excessively. The number of women walking during 60 to 90 minutes per day was 3 times more than among boys (7.5 and 2.6%, p <0.05). Amount of walking time decreased with age. Evaluation of nutrition showed that 74.8% of students consumed insufficient amount of fish, 53% do not eat enough of fruits and vegetables, 45% consumed excessive table salt and 22% - sugar. Subclinical anxiety/depression had 21.5/9.6% of respondents, clinical anxiety/depression experienced 13.8/2.2% respectively. During the last 30 days the girls, compared with boys more likely to experience very high levels of stress (24.5 and 13%, p <0.001) and 1.5 times more than in a state of subclinical anxiety/depression (24.5 and 15, 3%; 15.8 and 9.7%, respectively; p <0.05). Conclusions: The estimation of the prevalence of behavioral and psychosocial risk factors of CVD is the basis for regional preventive programs among students.

This review analyzes the data in the literature about the "obesity paradox" in relation to atherosclerosis related diseases, criteria Metabolically Healthy Obesity (MHO), the data on its prevalence and possible pathogenetic features.

This article is devoted to discussion about main aspects of current use of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaril CoA reductase inhibitors (statins) according last international guidelines. Statin’s base effects on lipid profile, medication regimens, side effects and safety ensuring are represented.