Home – Home – Jornals – "Philosophy of Education" 2016 number 1

The article raises the problem of forming a creative approach to compositional knowledge, based on emotionally-shaped perception, the formation of the original plan, which determines the general direction of the depictive actions of the artist. A competent composition is to be based on the time-proved fundamental laws of composition, drawing and painting, which have been formulated by artists during centuries-old history of development of fine arts. The authors focus attention on the fact that the composition process is characterized, first of all, by a creative beginning which cannot be regulated only by the knowledge of objective rules of realistic depiction. The creative beginning of any composition starts with the birth of a subjective plan which is in many respects caused by the emotional-image-bearing factor forming an esthetic component of the composition and its expressiveness. It is the emotional-image-bearing component that intensifies the cognitive and creative processes. The following major principles are considered as indisputable compositional components: commensuration and proportionality, integrity and hierarchy, balance and rhythm, unity and analogy, contrast and nuance, symmetry and asymmetry, wholeness and harmony. The authors note that for the professional artist the knowledge of laws, rules, as well as mastering of techniques and means of composition is connected, at the subconscious level, with the realization of an art-figurative plan in dialectic unity of the content and the graphic form. At the same time, the compositional work of students is often defined only by the logic of the teacher’s directions and depends on the formal signs connected with existence of initial skills of depiction and also with the level of the formed perception for the image. And here it is important to pay attention to the fact that carrying out a specific compositional task in the educational process does not presuppose the existence of a unique correct solution, because to fulfill the task, each trainee is required to produce his/her own original versions of solution. This is what determines a creative nature of this activity. Composition in the fine arts is a two-in-one process of formation of a mental image and the process of material realization of this image on the graphic plane; thus, any image needs to be perceived in two aspects: the semantic and spatial-plastic ones. In the educational process it is expressed in revealing the semantic content of a subject of future composition, formation of an artistic conception on its basis and designing a methodical sequence of performing the work on composition taking into account application of the composition laws, methods of image construction and artistic image creation.