Home – Home – Jornals – "Philosophy of Education" 2016 number 1

The authors analyze the ways of graphic representation, which are developing in the course of evolution of fine arts, changing the character, contents, principles and organizational forms. Modern scientists, on the basis of analysis of the specificities of perception of form in the course of drawing, offer the following classification of the systems of depiction: a conditional- schematic, contour-schematic, constructive- spatial, spatial-plastic, and associative-tone ones. It is noted in the article that the process of training in drawing is based on development of the graphic representation systems and in accordance with them. Historically first was the system of conditional-schematic image based on perception of the main features of natural object and reproduction of these features in drawing (rock paintings of ancient people, canons of Ancient Egypt, Medieval art, Old Russian art); whereas schematism of the image is a manifestation of the process of consecutive simplification of form. The system of the contour-schematic depiction which was developed in the art of Ancient Greece assumes the differentiated mastering of elementary regularities of the image. At that, a vision of interrelation of reference points is formed at the planar perception of a volume form, the ability to analysis and comparison of proportions develops, there appears accuracy of reproduction in the depiction of contour of a form by means of linear perspective. The artists of Renaissance identified as the main task of the drawing artist the scientific- analytical work which is focused on cognition of construction, the essence of form-creation, and is a process of cognition of the images of natural objects. The authors note that even today the scientific-methodical ideas of the artists of Renaissance are the necessary base for the design of modern innovative techniques and give a possibility to develop new systems of depiction. The task of modern teacher in the course of training in drawing is to direct the attention of the student from live observation to abstraction, from the external form of nature to its design, proportions, the internal rhythmic organization, directing the academic drawing to the development of spatial-rhythmic system of depiction which manifests itself in harmonious creation of a drawing on the basis of rhythm.