Home – Home – Jornals – Avtometriya 2015 number 4

It is shown that spatial structural features based on determining the maximum angle within which each pixel has a neighborhood that is not shadowed by other pixels of the contour provide the best efficiency in detecting man-made areas in satellite images of moderate resolution. A combined method of detection of build-up area expansion on the basis of multispectral data provided by the SPOT-4 satellite is proposed and demonstrated. This method implies the formation (with allowance for chosen features) of spatial masks of man-made objects in the reference (earlier taken) image and natural zones of the tested (later taken) image, searching for spectral-temporal anomalies, and sequential masking of selected pixels with the use of masks being formed.

Computationally efficient HCA and HECA hierarchical clustering algorithms for segmentation of multispectral images have been developed using the grid and ensemble approaches. A special metric is proposed to identify embedded clusters even in the presence of overlapping. The efficiency of the algorithms has been confirmed by the results of experimental studies using model and real data.

A method of nonlinear estimation of the coordinates of the geometric center of objects tracked in two-dimensional optoelectronic images is considered. The dynamics of the object and measurements of the geometric center of objects in optoelectronic images are described by nonlinear difference equations. Nonlinearities can be smooth and nonsmooth functions. The method is based on the normal correlation theorem and the approximation of solutions of the equations by Lagrange interpolation polynomials with adaptive selection of their orders. Modeling has shown that the interpolation method is more accurate than the known nonlinear unscented Kalman filter.

This problem of identifying operators during interaction with a technical system of thermal and visible face imaging is considered. The informativeness of the facial asymmetry feature is estimated. It is concluded that it is preferred to use thermal images to solve the problem. Estimates of the probabilities of correct identification of operators are obtained.

The important problem of land cover dynamics analysis is considered. We propose a multistep approach using methods of land cover change detection and an original method for evaluating the scale of changes is proposed. Applying this approach to a large archive of multi-temporal aerospace monitoring data makes it possible to choose only large-scale changes in land cover that deserve a more careful expert examination, and as a consequence, to perform a more rapid and comprehensive aerospace monitoring. The approach has been tested on problems of analyzing the land cover dynamics in Portugal under the LANDYN international research project. This paper presents some estimates of the scale of changes in the study area and results of long-term modeling of the development of the area, including alternative conditional scenarios.

A new method based on the Cavalieri condition for the Radon transform is developed to solve a problem of ROI tomography. This condition is used to construct a system of linear algebraic equations to estimate unknown projection data. Computational experiment has shown that the proposed method significantly improves the reconstruction accuracy, weakens artifacts, and provides an estimate of the internal structure of the object outside the region of interest.

A nonparametric estimate of the decision function in a two-alternative problem of pattern recognition is considered. The principle of expansion of the learning sample and the analysis of the probabilistic characteristics of the obtained sets of random variables are used to synthesize this estimate. On this basis, a technique of construction of confidence boundaries for the Bayesian equation of the separating surface is derived. The efficiency of this technique is proved by results of computational experiments.

A problem of formation of a three-dimensional image of the Earth surface in an onboard Doppler radar in a low-altitude flight on the basis of multichannel processing and obtaining estimates of spatial coordinates of reflection elements is solved. Algorithms of solving the problem are presented, and their workability is demonstrated by the method of computer modeling.

The most important results of the development and manufacturing of unique optoelectronic measurement and laser technologies and systems for various purposes aimed at solving urgent problems in industry and academic research, which are obtained at the Technological Design Institute of Scientific Instrument Engineering of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, are reviewed. Technical characteristics of developed devices and systems and results of their testing at industrial enterprises and research institutes of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences are reported.

Methods of obtaining the maximum likelihood estimates of the Doppler frequency (velocity of examined flows) for laser Doppler anemometry in the multiparticle scattering mode in the presence of additive noise with the use of a finite number of signal samples are presented.

The problem of generalizing the method of analytical construction of aggregated regulators to the case of controlling a poorly formalized object on manifolds under the condition of uncertainty is considered. A comparative overview of the conditions of applicability of two methods for the control on manifolds is given, and the property of robustness of these methods is illustrated. An algorithm for the synthesis of a control system for a multidimensional nonlinear object with incomplete information about the right sides of the description based on the principles of synergetic control theory is given. The results of numerical simulation of the operation of the regulator constructed under off-design conditions (with additive random noise) are obtained.

This paper describes a technique of simulating the cross section of inelastic scattering of electrons in layered structures from the experimental spectra of the cross section of inelastic scattering of reflected electrons of structural components on the basis of the theoretical Yubero - Tougaard model of the cross section of inelastic scattering in a homogeneous medium and its generalization for the case of layered structures. This technique is tested by an example of studying the spectra of the cross section of inelastic scattering in a two-layer SiO₂/Si structure.

The multiangle ellipsometry method was used to study phase-structural transformations occurring during thermal annealing of vacuum-deposited SiO_x films in air. The analysis of the experimental results carried out with a set of optical models that take into account nonuniformity and anisotropy made it possible to obtain data about the impact of the competitive processes of phase decomposition and oxidation of SiO_x films into macro- and microstructures of systems formed in the annealing temperature range from 650 to 1000 °C.