|
|
2015 year, number 9
|
A.V. Falits
V.E. Zuev Institute of Atmospheric Optics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 1, Academician Zuev square, Tomsk, 634021, Russia
Keywords: лагерра-гауссов пучок, турбулентная атмосфера, блуждание пучка, флуктуации интенсивности, Laguerre-Gaussian beam, turbulent atmosphere, beam wander, scintillation
Abstract >>
On the basis of numerical simulation of optical radiation in a turbulent medium the influence of the value of the topological charge of the optical field on the beam wander and the intensity fluctuations of focused Laguerre-Gaussian beams is investigated. The beams are considered with different values of the topological charge of the complex field and the same radius of the initial aperture. The beams have different diffraction divergence which provides spatial separation of the radiation on the receiving aperture, thereby reducing the influence of different communications channels to each other during the signal demultiplexing. It was found that the beam wandering does not depend on the value of the topological charge of the complex field, and the behavior of the intensity fluctuations is determined by the mean intensity profile, which depends on the strength of the optical turbulence.
|
|
I.V. Ptashnik, T.E. Klimeshina, T.M. Petrova, A.A. Solodov, A.M. Solodov
V.E. Zuev Institute of Atmospheric Optics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 1, Academician Zuev square, Tomsk, 634021, Russia
Keywords: континуальное поглощение, водяной пар, полосы поглощения ближнего ИК, continuum absorption, water vapour, near-IR absorption bands
Abstract >>
High-resolution Fourier transform spectroscopy laboratory measurements of pure water vapour absorption are performed at temperatures from -9 to 15°С in the near-IR spectral region. As the result the water vapour continuum absorption is retrieved within 1600 (6.25 μm) and 3600 cm
-
1 (2.7 μm) absorption bands. Spectral features of the continuum retrieved at 15°С are in good agreement with known data. It is shown that different spectral peaks of the continuum have different temperature dependencies.
|
|
Yu.G. Borkov1, Yu.M. Klimachev2, O.N. Sulakshina1
1V.E. Zuev Institute of Atmospheric Optics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 1, Academician Zuev square, Tomsk, 634021, Russia
2P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute of the Russian Academy of Science, 53 Leninskij Prospekt, 119991, Moscow, Russia
Keywords: зеемановское расщепление, колебательно-вращательная спектроскопия, окись азота, лазерный магнитный резонанс, СО-лазер, Zeeman splitting, vibrational-rotational spectroscopy, nitric oxide, laser magnetic resonance, CO laser
Abstract >>
This paper presents an overview of the experimental and theoretical results, which were obtained from the study the dependence of Zeeman splitting in the vibrational-rotational lines of 0-1 band of the absorption spectrum of nitric oxide molecule on the magnetic field. The experiments were performed in the laboratory of gas lasers at P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute of the Russian Academy of Science. To record the spectrum the method of laser magnetic resonance (LMR) with using continuous wave frequency-tunable CO laser has been applied. Theoretical analysis of LMR spectrograms was carried out in the laboratory of theoretical spectroscopy at V.E. Zuev Institute of Atmospheric Optics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, numerical model was developed. This model is based on the construction of the total effective Hamiltonian of the molecule including the interaction with an external magnetic field. The application of this model allowed us to simulate LMR spectra for given conditions and to describe the nonlinear dependence of the splitting of ro-vibrational energy levels on the magnetic field. The comparison of calculated and experimental LMR spectrograms demonstrated that the numerical model adequately reproduces the location of absorption peaks measured in a damped oscillating magnetic field.
|
|
D.A. Pestunov1,2, V.M. Domysheva3, V.G. Ivanov3, A.M. Shamrin1, M.V. Panchenko1
1V.E. Zuev Institute of Atmospheric Optics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 1, Academician Zuev square, Tomsk, 634021, Russia
2National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, 30, Lenin Avenue, Tomsk, 634050, Russia
3Limnological Institute of the Siberian Branch of the RAS, 3, Ulan-Batorskaya str., 664033, Irkutsk, Russia
Keywords: углекислый газ, метан, газообмен, система «атмосфера-вода», эквилибратор, картирование, озеро Байкал, carbon dioxide, methane, gas exchange, air-fresh water, equilibrator, mapping, Lake Baikal
Abstract >>
This paper is aimed at analyzing the spatial distribution of carbon dioxide and methane concentrations in the atmosphere and in the surface water of Lake Baikal. Investigation of interaction processes between air and fresh water is of special importance for the unique lake ecosystem since the gas exchange is governed predominantly by aquatic biota on the one hand, and it has a significant impact on biota activity on the other hand. In recent years we have significantly improved our capabilities when measuring CO2 and CH4 partial pressures in the surface water along the research vessel route by means of designing a unique mobile station. This made it possible to extend significantly our scope of research and to pioneer carrying out simultaneous measurements of the flux direction of carbon dioxide and methane in the waters of Lake Baikal. Analysis of the flux distribution data showed that during spring campaign 2013 fluxes were characterized by the predominant sink of carbon dioxide into the lake surface, and vice versa, we observed a release of methane into the atmosphere during the whole route of research vessel.
|
|
A.M. Zvyagintsev1, P.N. Vargin1, S. Peshin2
1Central Aerological Observatory, ul. Pervomayskaya, 3, Dolgoprudnyiy g., Mosk. Obl., 141700, Russia
2Center for Monitoring and Environmental Research, India Meteorological Department, New Delhi, 110003, India
Keywords: общее содержание озона, изменения озонового слоя, тренд озона, циркуляция стратосферы, метод множественной регрессии, total ozone content, ozone layer changes, ozone trend, circulation of atmosphere, multiple regression analysis
Abstract >>
Long-term variability and trends of total ozone content (TOC) over the period 1979-2014 are analyzed using monthly mean total ozone ERA-Interim reanalysis data and TOMS/SBUV/OMI satellite data. Influence of Arctic and Antarctic oscillation (AO and AAO), quasi-biennial oscillation of zonal wind in tropical stratosphere (QBO), El-Nino Southern oscillation (ENSO), poleward heat fluxes (HF), solar activity (SA), equivalent effective chlorine loading (EESC), and volcanic aerosol (VA) in stratosphere on the variability of global mean and averaged over different latitudinal belts TOC was investigated. Our results show that the variability of global TOC may be satisfactory described by EESC and SA. The inclusion in the regression of QBO, AO, AAO, HF, ENSO and VA is necessary to describe TOC variability in certain latitudinal belts more accurately.
|
|
A.N. Gruzdev, A.A. Isakov
A.M. Obukhov Institute of Atmospheric Physics Russian Academy of Sciences, Pyzhevsky per., 3, 119017, Moscow, Russia
Keywords: аэрозоль, массовая концентрация, долгопериодные вариации, aerosol, mass concentration, long-period variations
Abstract >>
Using the results of measurements of the mass concentration of the near-surface aerosol at Zvenigorod Scientific Station of the A.M. Obukhov Institute of Atmosphere Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, the analysis of variations in the aerosol concentration with periods of more than 1 month is done. It is shown that the variations can be associated with the periodicities in the recurrences of trajectories of atmospheric transport from certain directions. Cases are considered when long-period variations of aerosol concentration are due to episodes of enhanced or reduced concentrations resulted from aerosol advection from appropriate directions. It is found in particular that the 1.5-month variations of the mass aerosol concentration in 1995 were due to the 1.5-month recurrence of the concentration maxima caused by transport from the south-east direction. The three-month periodicity of transport episodes from Baltic and North Atlantic in 2004 manifests itself through the 3-month recurrence of the aerosol concentration minima. A statistical relation of the near-surface aerosol concentration to dynamics of the Arctic upper troposphere is revealed.
|
|
V.S. Rakitin, Yu.A. Shtabkin, N.F. Elansky, N.V. Pankratova, A.I. Skorokhod, E.I. Grechko, A.N. Safronov
A.M. Obukhov Institute of Atmospheric Physics Russian Academy of Sciences, Pyzhevsky per., 3, 119017, Moscow, Russia
Keywords: окись углерода, метан, углекислый газ, атмосферная спектроскопия, дистанционное зондирование, спутниковые методы, фоновые и загрязненные районы, пограничный слой атмосферы, carbon monoxide, methane, carbon dioxide, atmospheric spectroscopy, remote sensing, satellite sensing, background and polluted regions, atmospheric boundary layer
Abstract >>
A significant amount of satellite and ground data of the CO, CO2, CH4 total content in the atmosphere in 2010−2013 was collected, organized and analyzed. Transition relations between satellite and ground-based data on the content of impurities investigated in different measuring points (stations NDACC/GAW, as well as the OIAP RAS stations) with different spatial and temporal resolutions has been obtained. High correlation of diurnal satellite CO contents, products of AIRS v6 (R2 = 0.48-0.96), IASI MetOp-A (R2 = 0.25-0.86) and MOPITT v6 Joint (R2 = 0.30−0.83), averaging 1° x 1°, with the ground data of solar spectrometers was established for background conditions. In the case of high pollution of the mixing layer, a significant underestimation of CO total content (from 1.7 to 4.7 times, depending on the sensor, and the spatial point of observation) was seen. Representative transition relations and correlation coefficients (R2 ≥ 0.5) between the average daily data on CH4 and ground data diffraction spectrometers IAP RAS and Fourier spectrometers of GAW stations were obtained only for sensor AIRS. The best correlation with ground data on CO2 (R2 = 0.25 for diurnal values, averaging 1° x 1°) was obtained for the sensor IASI. Diurnal CH4 total contents of sensor IASI MetOp-A poorly correlated with ground-based data as well as AIRS data.
|
|
N.G. Voronetskaya1, G.S. Pevneva1, A.K. Golovko1, A.S. Kozlov2, M.Yu. Arschinov3, B.D. Belan3, D.V. Simonenkov3, G.N. Tolmachev3
1Institute of Petroleum Chemistry of the Siberian Branch of the RAS, 3, Academichesky ave., Tomsk, 634021, Russia
2V.V. Voevodsky Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion of the Siberian Branch of the RAS, 3 Institutskaya str., 3, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
3V.E. Zuev Institute of Atmospheric Optics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 1, Academician Zuev square, Tomsk, 634021, Russia
Keywords: атмосферный аэрозоль, состав, углеводороды, н-алканы, atmospheric aerosol, composition, hydrocarbons, n-alkanes
Abstract >>
In work, the composition of alkanes of a linear structure in tests of the atmospheric aerosols, which are selected from a board of the Tu−134 Optic airborne-laboratory in the free atmosphere (500−8500 m) and in the ground layer of air (2 m) near JR-STATION project towers is investigated. It is shown that a homological number of n−alkanes of aerosol tests which are selected from a plane laboratory board, make compounds of 12−28 atoms of carbon, and tests, which are selected in the ground layer — compounds of 14−30 atoms of carbon in a molecule.
|
|
A.V. Konoshonkin1,2, N.V. Kustova2, V.A. Osipov1,2, A.G. Borovoi1,2, K. Masuda3, H. Ishimoto3, H. Okamoto4
1National Research Tomsk State University, 36, Lenin Avenue, Tomsk, 634050,Russia
2V.E. Zuev Institute of Atmospheric Optics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 1, Academician Zuev square, Tomsk, 634021, Russia
3Meteorological Research Institute, Nagamine 1-1, Tsukuba 305-0052, Japan
4Kyushu University, Kasuga, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan
Keywords: физическая оптика, алгоритм трассировки пучков, рассеяние света, ледяные кристаллы, FDTD, physical optics approximation, beam-splitting technique, light scattering, ice crystals, FDTD
Abstract >>
The formulation of the physical optics approximation based on Maxwell's equations has been considered. The equivalence of various definitions of physical optics approximation has been shown. A detailed comparison of the three diffraction formulas corresponding to
E -,
M - and (
E ,
M )-theories of diffraction has been provided. It was found that in the case of diffraction on a hole in the flat screen, all three formulas give the same diffraction scattering cross section for the diffraction angles up to 60°. The polarizing elements of the Mueller matrix in this case diverge significantly even for the angles of 15-30°. It is also shown that in the case of diffraction on the tilted screen, the difference between
E -,
M - and (
E ,
M )-theories of diffraction may be significant. So when the screen is tilted about 80° E , M diffraction theory can be applied only to very small diffraction angle. The comparison of the results with the exact solution obtained by FDTD has confirmed that the difference between
E ,
M - and (
E ,
M ) diffraction theories is not significant for the case of diffraction on the flat screen, but it is preferable to use the (
E ,
M ) diffraction theory for calculations.
|
|
P.A. Konyaev1, A.V. Borovik2, A.A. Zhdanov2
1V.E. Zuev Institute of Atmospheric Optics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 1, Academician Zuev square, Tomsk, 634021, Russia
2Institute of Solar-Terrestrial Physics of the Siberian Branch of the RAS, 664033, Irkutsk, 126a, Lermontova str
Keywords: солнечная хромосфера, внепятенные вспышки, световые кривые, solar chromosphere, off-spot-flashes, light curves
Abstract >>
A methodology and algorithms for measuring the light curves of spotless solar flares is proposed for study the chromospheres activity in H-alpha line. Software for a hardware system of the Baikal astrophysical observatory is developed for computer analysis of flares development using digital images of solar chromosphere.
|
|
M.V. Trigub1,2, K.V. Fedorov1,2, G.S. Evtushenko2
1V.E. Zuev Institute of Atmospheric Optics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 1, Academician Zuev square, Tomsk, 634021, Russia
2National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, 30, Lenin Avenue, Tomsk, 634050, Russia
Keywords: лазерный монитор, визуализация объектов, лазеры на парах металлов, активные оптические системы, laser monitor, objects visuazation, metal vapor lasers, active optical system
Abstract >>
In this paper, the feasibility of monitoring the objects located at a distance (up to 5 m) from a brightness amplifier in a monostatic laser monitor is demonstrated. The experimental study of the dependence of the quality of the obtained images on the distance between the object and the brightness amplifier is presented. It is shown that the time delay between the initial moment of the ASE pulse and the moment when the input signal is brought to the input of the brightness amplifier significantly specifies the image contrast at its output. A scheme that allows us to obtain high image contrast of objects located at a distance from the brightness amplifier is proposed.
|
|
E.Kh. Baksht, A.G. Burachenko, V.F. Tarasenko
High Current Electronics Institute of the Siberian Branch of the RAS, 634055, Tomsk, 4, Academichesky ave. HCEI SB RAS
Keywords: субнаносекундный пробой воздуха, азота и аргона в неоднородном электрическом поле, пучок убегающих электронов, зависимости параметров пучка электронов от давления газов, subnanosecond breakdown of air, nitrogen and argon in non-uniform electric field, beam of runaway electrons, electron beam parameters by pressure of gases
Abstract >>
The influence of pressure of air, nitrogen, and argon on generation of runaway electron beams in non-uniform electric field is studied. Obtained data on parameters of runaway electrons beam at pressures corresponding to the heights higher 20 km above the ocean in the Earth's atmosphere.
|
|
A.I. Fedorov, D.V. Shiyanov
V.E. Zuev Institute of Atmospheric Optics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 1, Academician Zuev square, Tomsk, 634021, Russia
Keywords: CuBr-лазер, режим сдвоенных импульсов накачки, энергия излучения, удельная энергия диссоциирующего и возбуждающего импульсов накачки, CuBr laser, double pulsed mode, output energy, dissociation and excitation energy density
Abstract >>
Investigation and optimization of radiation parameters of the double-pulsed CuBr laser with a small active volume with repetition rate of 5 to 100 Hz were made. The possibility of increasing the average output power of CuBr laser by optimizing the specific energy of the dissociation and excitation pulses and their time delay between them is shown. Maximum average output power were received at a pulse repetition frequency 100 Hz and delay time 125 ms. However, high energy radiation are achieved at low frequencies. The laser energy was 0.42 mJ with a pulse duration of 30 ns FWHM when dissociating and exciting energy density was 12 and 6 mJ/cm
3, respectively.
|
|
