Home – Home – Jornals – The journal "Ateroskleroz" 2015 number 2

Aim: To assess the levels of bone metabolism markers in patients with stable coronary artery disease according to the severity of osteoporosis, coronary atherosclerosis and coronary artery calcification. Material and Methods: 112 males with angiographically verified stable coronary artery disease with an average age of 59.8 (55; 70) years were included in the study. All the patients underwent coronary angiography, multislice computed tomography (MSCT) and densitometry. The levels of mineral metabolism markers were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The allocation of comparison groupswas based on the severity of coronary atherosclerosis (the Syntax Score), the degree of coronary artery calcification (the Agatston score), the presence and absence of osteopenic syndrome defined by the femoral neck T-score in accordance with the guidelines of the International Society for Clinical Densitometry (ISCD, 2007). Results: Osteopenic syndrome has been reported in 90 (80.4 %) patients: 34 (30.4 %) patients with signs of osteoporosis, and 56 (50 %) with osteopenia. A significant decrease in cathepsin K and an increase inosteocalcinhave been found in the group with radiographically verified osteopenic syndrome compared to the group with normal bone mineral density (BMD). The assessment of coronary artery disease severity reported that multivessel coronary artery disease and severe lesions were more commonly found in patients with osteopenic syndrome. Moreover, this group of patients had more pronounced calcification compared with patients with normal BMD. Patients with severe coronary atherosclerosis had the lowest cathepsin K levels. Severe coronary artery calcification was significantly associated with lower levels of cathepsin K and osteoprotegerin, elevated alkaline phosphatase and parathyroid hormone levels. Conclusion: A significant association between osteopenic syndrome and severe coronary atherosclerosis and calcification has been found in males with stable coronary artery disease. Biochemical markers of bone metabolism were more likely associated with the calcification of the existing vascular lesions than with the development of coronary atherosclerosis. The findings of the study suggest that the most significant markers are cathepsin K whichsignificantly reduced in all cases, i. e. in patients with osteopenic syndrome, severe atherosclerosis and severe coronary calcification, and osteocalcin which elevated levels are associated with decreased BMD.

Activity, level of protein and mRNA HMG-CoA reductase were investigated in rats liver treated with simvastatin (SV), its complex compound with glycyrrhizic acid - simvaglyzin (SVG) and glycyrrhizic acid alone. Level of protein HMG-CoA reductase was reduced on 25 % in SVG group ( р < 0.05) 24 hours after introduction the last dose. Level of mRNA was significantly increased in experimental group in compared to control. In vitro SVG was uncompetitive inhibitor of HMG-CoA reductase (Ki = 94 nM). SVG gain the inhibitor properties following cytochrome P450-dependent metabolism. The addition of 1mM methyrapone in incubation medium fully prevented the inhibition of 3-HMG-CoA reductase. SV and SVG in concentrations of 300 nM inhibited of mevalonate synthesis rate by 39.15 ± 8.27 % and 38.85±3.04 %, respectively.

The aim of the present work was to investigate hemodynamic, hormonal, metabolic determinants and their correlations in patients with aortic valve stenosis and nonobstructive aortal calcification. 212 patients elder than 60 years with arterial hypertension were under observation. Were shown that hyperuricemia and hypothyroids to be significantly frequent detected in patients with nonobstructive aortic calcification if compared with patients with aortic valve stenosis. Possible mechanisms of organization degenerative aortic valve stenosis including parathyroid glands hyperfunction and genetic determinants were discussed.

Aim. To evaluate association between the nutrition habits and abdominal obesity in cross-sectional population study among men 45-69 years in Novosibirsk. Materials and methods. The present analysis included 4248 men examined in the frame of international project HAPIEE. Data on nutrition were obtained in the population survey using a questionnaire on the frequency of food consumption (FFQ). Abdominal obesity (AO) was determined by waist circumference, using two criteria - ≥ 102 cm (AHA, 2005) and ≥ 94 cm (IDF, 2005). Statistical analysis was performed using package SPSS. Results. Significant negative association between intake of carbohydrates in the diet and obesity in men was found. The chance of abdominal obesity defined by both criteria was 1.6 lower in the highest quartile of distribution of carbohydrate intake in comparison with the lowest quartile ( p < 0.001). The chance of abdominal obesity increased 1.3 times in the highest quartile of distribution of fat intake. The chance of AO in the highest quartile of protein intake was 1.3 times higher then in the lowest quartile for AHA, 2005 criterion and 1.4 times for IDF, 2005 criterion of AO. Conclusion. In studied population sample of men aged 45-69 high consumption of carbohydrates in the diet was associated with reduced frequency of metabolic disorders, probably due to contribution of high intake of fibers and low intake of saturated fatty acids and cholesterol. High consumption of fats and proteins increases the risk of AO in male population aged 45-69 years. In the group with the highest intake of carbohydrates the ratio of nutrients in the diet (carbs / fat / protein) was close to the recommended by WHO.

The purpose of this research is to examine resistin levels in blood serum and frequency of the main components of metabolic syndrome among oilmen working in shifts in Western Siberia. The research design is cross-sectional study. The research object is 125 men working in the oil industry in Western Siberia at the age of 30-45 (mean age is 35.3±3.5). Examination methods are anthropometry, measurement of blood pressure, electrocardiogram and determination of total cholesterol, glucose and resistin in blood plasma. Statistical data processing was performed using the Statistica 8.0 software package. 73.6 % of the examined men had certain components of metabolic syndrome: abdominal obesity (32.8 %), hypertension (23.2 %), hypercholesterolemia (59.2 %). The combination of these features was observed in 52.17 % of cases. 43.2 % of oilmen had overweight, 36.0 % - high normal blood pressure. Resistin concentrations in plasma fluctuated within 2.75-25.52 ng/ml (mean value is 4.85±2.06 ng/ml). Evaluating an extent of interrelation on the Cheddock scale, statistically significant p < 0.05 dependence of resistin concentration in plasma and blood pressure level was revealed: in case of systolic blood pressure the dependence was reverse and noticeable; it is direct and high in the event of diastolic blood pressure. Association with BMI was direct and noticeable.

Atherosclerosis is a vascular disease, in the formation of which is attended immunocompetent cells (macrophages, dendritic cells, lymphocytes), endothelial and smooth muscle cell elements in interaction with the lipoprotein enriched with cholesterol. Thus, circulating CD4+ T lymphocytes are differentiated mainly in Th1 cells that respond to specific antigens, such as oxidized LDL and heat shock proteins (HSP60/65) induces the processes of endothelial damage and smooth muscle cells). The question that will or will not develop atherosclerosis depends on balanced participation in the process regulatory cells with suppressor activity, in particular CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ Treg. Numerous data suggest about the reduction of Treg in patients with atherosclerosis and reducing their suppressor activity. All therapeutic effects of stimulating the activity of Treg positively influence the course of experimental atherosclerosis.

The review presents the current data of scientific literature about different phases of clinical trials of monoclonal antibodies against the proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9). The results of completed clinical trials and the review of clinical studies that will be complete in the 2015-2018’s are presented.

Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death and disability in the population. A risk factor for cardiovascular disease, as well as type 2 diabetes, obesity is insulin resistance - the basis of the metabolic syndrome. The article discusses the relationship of cardiovascular disease and metabolic syndrome, also laboratory markers and anthropometric parameters, which can be important indicators of predisposition to metabolic changes associated with the cardiovascular disease risk.