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Atmospheric and Oceanic Optics

2015 year, number 7

1.
Studies of IR absorption ozone spectra between 2000 and 2015

S.N. Mikhailenko
V.E. Zuev Institute of Atmospheric Optics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 1, Academician Zuev square, Tomsk, 634021, Russia
Keywords: ozone molecule, high resolution absorption spectra, spectral line parameters, IR spectral region, HITRAN, S&MPO

Abstract >>
An overview of studies on the high-resolution vibration-rotation absorption spectra of ozone molecule and its isotopologues which made after 2000 is presented. The characteristic of the modern lists of the ozone line parameters in spectroscopic databases HITRAN, GEISA and S&MPO is done. The accuracy of the spectral line parameters (centers, intensities, and half-widths) received to date is analyzed in the paper.



2.
Empirical absorption linelists of the HD18O and D218O

I.A. Vasilenko, O.V. Naumenko
V.E. Zuev Institute of Atmospheric Optics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 1, Academician Zuev square, Tomsk, 634021, Russia
Keywords: empirical linelists, rotational-vibrational transitions of HD18O and D218O

Abstract >>
Detailed and accurate absorption linelists are generated for the HD18O è D218O molecules in the 0–9400 cm–1 spectral range. These linelists, known as empirical lists, are based on the experimental energy levels available from the literature and ab initio transition intensities obtained through variational computations. Positions of empirical transitions are determined at a level of the best experimental accuracy, and even better in case of weak or blended lines. Averaged accuracy of calculated intensities is about 10%. Empirical lists of absorption lines of water isotopologues currently replace incomplete or low accuracy experimental data in the canonical databases like HITRAN.



3.
Structure of air motion along optical paths inside specialized rooms of astronomical telescopes. Numerical simulation

V.V. Nosov, V.P. Lukin, E.V. Nosov, A.V. Torgaev
V.E. Zuev Institute of Atmospheric Optics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 1, Academician Zuev square, Tomsk, 634021, Russia
Keywords: turbulence, coherent turbulence, coherent structure, topological soliton, simulation of coherent structures, hydrodynamics equations, Navier-Stokes equations, topological precursor

Abstract >>
Structure of air turbulent motion inside large specialized rooms of astronomical telescopes has been studied by numerical solving of several boundary value problems for hydrodynamics equations (Navier-Stokes). There are optical elements of large-aperture telescopes inside such rooms. The main attention is devoted to closed rooms with different heating the upper and lower surfaces without exchange of internal and external medium through the borders. This enables the testing under steady state conditions of the optical characteristics of astronomical telescopes including their resolution. In particular, a visualization of the air flow motion by streamlines allows one to analyze the impact of design features of telescope and the temperature regime of its optical elements. Results of our numerical simulations demonstrate that the solitary large vortices (coherent structures, topological solitons) are observed inside specialized rooms. The cascade decay of such vortices leads to the coherent turbulence. The simulations confirm our previously experimentally stated conclusion that the mixing of coherent structures of different close-by sizes (and close-by frequencies of major vortices) results in the non-coherent Kolmogorov turbulence.



4.
Statistical structure and long-term change of the lower stratiform clouds over Siberia as a base for meteorological support for solution of applied problems. Part 1. Statistics of lower stratiform clouds

V.S. Komarov, G.G. Matvienko, N.Ya. Lomakina, S.N. Il’in, A.V. Lavrinenko
V.E. Zuev Institute of Atmospheric Optics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 1, Academician Zuev square, Tomsk, 634021, Russia
Keywords: lower stratiform clouds, cloud amount, cloud base height, the statistical characteristics, Siberian region

Abstract >>
The paper presents the results of the statistical analysis of characteristics of the lower stratiform clouds, obtained according to the 8-term meteorological observations of 60 Siberian stations for the last 45 years (from 1969 to 2013). Researches of the amount and the base of stratiform low clouds (Sc, St, Ns) have been conducted for four seasons. Wherein the statistics such as the average value (balls) and the frequency (%) for five ranges: 0, 1–3, 4–6, 7–9, 10 were used in the analysis of the amount of lower stratiform clouds and the averages (km) and repeatability (%) for six ranges of the base height: 0.05–0.2; 0.2–0.4; 0.4–0.8; 0.8–1.2; 1.2–1.6; 1.6–2.0 km, supplemented with the gradation “cloudiness” (0) were used in the analysis of the cloud base.



5.
Statistical structure and long-term change of the lower stratiform clouds over Siberia as a base for meteorological support for solution of applied problems. Part 2. Long-term change of the lower stratiform clouds

V.S. Komarov, G.G. Matvienko, N.Ya. Lomakina, S.N. Il’in, A.V. Lavrinenko
V.E. Zuev Institute of Atmospheric Optics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 1, Academician Zuev square, Tomsk, 634021, Russia
Keywords: lower stratiform clouds, cloud amount, cloud base height, long-term changes, trends, Siberian region

Abstract >>
The work presents the results of the analysis of climatic changes of the lower stratiform clouds (Sc, St, Ns) over the territory of Siberia for the past 45 years (from 1969 to 2013), performed by the data of the 60 ground-based meteorological stations. The study of long-term changes of the amount and base height of low clouds were realized, using the curves of interannual variation, as well as linear trends and their intensity values.



6.
Lightning activity and tropical cyclone structure

M.S. Permyakov1,2, E.Yu. Potalova1,2, B.M. Shevtsov3, N.V. Cherneva3, R.H. Holzworth4
1V.I. Il'ichev Pacific Oceanological Institute, 43, Baltiyskaya Street, Vladivostok, 690041, Russia
2Far Eastern Federal University, 8, Suhanova St., Vladivostok, 690950, Russia
3Institute of Cosmophysical Research and Radio Wave Propagation of the Far-Eastern Branch of Russian Academy of Science, 684034 Kamchatka region, Elizovskiy district, Paratunka, Mirnaya str., 7
4World Wide Lightning Location Network, University of Washington, ESS Box 351310, Johnson Hall Room 70, Seattle, WA 98195-1310, USA
Keywords: tropical cyclones, thunderstorms activity, lightning localization, very low frequency radiation

Abstract >>
Synoptic and mesoscale weather systems over ocean and seas are often accompanied by lightning activity, which intensity and spatial distribution is modulated by the dynamic structure of these weather systems. Lightning discharges are the sources of electromagnetic radiation in very low frequency range (VLF) and are registered by VLF direction finders. Using the World Wide Lightning Location Network (WWLLN) the relations of characteristics of lightning fields in the North-Western Pacific Ocean with the characteristics of the fields of meteorological elements of weather formations, estimated by remote sensing data from satellites, are study through examples of tropical cyclones. The technique is illustrated allowing binding parameters of thunderstorm activity (frequency and intensity, spatial distribution of lightning) with the structure of weather systems over the oceans and seas, the intensity and shape of mesoscale structures in these systems, allocated to the fields of the vortex drive wind scatterometers and satellite images in the visible and infrared bands. On the example of separate tropical cyclones (TC) for 2012–2013, the relation of lightning discharge frequency and density in the area of influence of a TC with spatial distribution of driving ocean wind vortex is shown.



7.
Monitoring of methane and carbon dioxide emission from soil to atmosphere and soil parameters. Bakchar bog of Tomsk region (2014)

O.A. Krasnov1, S. Maksyutov2, D.K. Davydov1, A.V. Fofonov1, M.V. Glagolev3,4,5, G. Inoue6
1V.E. Zuev Institute of Atmospheric Optics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 1, Academician Zuev square, Tomsk, 634021, Russia
2Center for Global Environmental Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2, Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8506, Japan
3Lomonosov Moscow State University, GSP-1, Leninskie Gory, Moscow, 119991, Russia
4Federal State Educational Institution of Higher Professional Education "Ugra State University", 16, Chehova, Hanty-Mansijsk, 628012, Russia
5Institute of Forest Science, Russian Academy of Sciences (ILAN), Sovetskaya 21, Uspenskoe, Moscow region, 143030, Russia
6Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute the University of Tokyo, 5-1-5, Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa-shi, Chiba, 227-8564, Japan
Keywords: greenhouse gases, atmospheric methane, atmospheric carbon dioxide, gas exchange at the “soil–atmosphere” interface, automatic complex “Flux–NIES” for flux measurements, temperature and hydrological soil parameters

Abstract >>
Long-term field measurements of GHG (methane and carbon dioxide) fluxes, at the “soil–atmosphere” interface using six static chambers and an automatic sampling and analysis system “Flux–NIES” from the six different plant associations of Vasyugan bog near Plotnikovo settlement (Tomsk region, 56°51.29' N, 82°50.91' E) during the warm period of 2015 have been presented. Soil temperature and underground water level as controlling factors to understand methane emission fluxes from soil to atmosphere through measurement period are discussed.



8.
Determination of the sedimentation rate of weed pollen of both individual grains and their agglomerates

V.V. Golovko1, V.L. Istomin2, K.P. Koutsenogii1
1V.V. Voevodsky Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion of the Siberian Branch of the RAS, 3 Institutskaya str., 3, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
2Lavrentyev Institute of Hydrodynamics of the Siberian Branch of the RAS, 630090, Novosibirsk, 15, Ac. Lavrentieva ave.
Keywords: sedimentation rate, pollen grains, agglomerates, anemophilic plants, air impact

Abstract >>
A study was made of the pollen particle sedimentation of the weeds of several species growing in Western Siberia. The percentage of individual grains and their agglomerates resulting from spraying was calculated. The sedimentation rate of aggllomerates, consisting of one to six pollen grains, was determined. The sedimentation rate of agglomerates was found to depend on the number of the pollen grains involved.



9.
Equivalent of bead lightning in pulse discharge generated by runaway electrons in atmospheric pressure air

V.F. Tarasenko, D.V. Beloplotov, E.Kh. Baksht, A.G. Burachenko, M.I. Lomaev
High Current Electronics Institute of the Siberian Branch of the RAS, 634055, Tomsk, 4, Academichesky ave. HCEI SB RAS
Keywords: breakdown of atmospheric pressure air in non-uniform electric field, experimental simulation of bead lightning, runaway electrons

Abstract >>
The breakdown initiated by runaway electrons in non-uniform electric field in atmospheric pressure air was investigated. Bright plasma channels (like filaments) in the center of the discharge gap was observed on the background of the diffuse discharge at applying high-voltage pulses with an amplitude of about 200 kV across the discharge gap with interelectrode distance of 18 mm. Occurrence probability of the ones was no more than 10%. Glow of the bright plasma channels are similar to the one of a spark. It was found that the bright plasma channels appear on the decline stage of the discharge current. Radiation intensity of the one is an order of magnitude less than that of the diffuse discharge. Furthermore, the bright plasma channels was observed in pulse-periodic discharge. In this case, nanosecond voltage pulses with an amplitude of 10–15 kV was applied across the discharge gap with interelectrode distance of 6 mm. Pulse repetition rate was 400 Hz. Occurrence of the bright plasma channels on the background of diffuse discharge is due to generation of runaway electrons and the discharge current redistribution in cross-section of the discharge plasma on the decline stage of the discharge current. It is assumed that the registered form of the discharge is analog of bead lightning observed in the Earth's atmosphere.



10.
Determination of microstructural characteristics of liquid precipitation using the optical rain gauge

V.V. Kalchikhin, A.A. Kobzev, V.A. Korolkov, A.A. Tikhomirov
Institute of Monitoring of Climatic and Ecological Systems of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 634055, Tomsk, 10/3, Academichesky ave
Keywords: optical rain gauge, precipitation microstructure, drop size distribution, intensity of rain

Abstract >>
The optical rain gauge description is presented. This device operates for obtaining and analyzing shadow images of precipitation particles. The possibility was demonstrated of using this device to study the microstructure of liquid atmospheric precipitation. Analysis of precipitation occurred for more than a day in the city of Tomsk on August 26–27, 2014 was taken as an example.