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Humanitarian sciences in Siberia

2015 year, number

THE HISTORIOGRAPHY OF THE PEASANT LAND BANK ACTIVITY IN BELARUS

A.A. Kukharenko
Belarusian State University (BSU), Nezavisimosti Av. 4, Minsk, Republic of Belarus, 220030
KuharenkAA@bsu.by
Keywords: Peasant Land Bank, Belarusian and foreign historiography, pre-Soviet, Soviet and modern historiography

Abstract

One of the first attempts to weaken the land hunger of peasants was organizing a long-term loan for land acquisition. For this purpose the Peasant Land Bank was established in the Russian Empire. It was engaged in issuing loans for land purchase, land management activity, estates purchase and sale, charities. All these activities allowed it to become one of the Russian autocracy’s main tools of agrarian policy in late XIX - early XX centuries. The experience of bank involvement in the agrarian problem solution was unparalleled in the world practice. The author analyzes the level of knowledge about this problem in the Belarusian and foreign historiography. Thus, specifics of the Peasant Land Bank activities in the agrarian sector of Belarusian lands remain one of the understudied problems. Currently there is a need for revision of established approaches to studying the Peasant Land Bank activity formulated in the Soviet historical science. The Peasant Land Bank played the leading role in spreading the individual land property of peasants. The state mortgage had a positive impact on the growth of peasant land ownership, which contributed to capitalism development and elimination of feudal vestiges in the agriculture of the Russian Empire.