Home – Home – Jornals – The journal "Ateroskleroz" 2015 number 1

Aim of the study. To determine the impact of polymorphisms within the genes encoding Toll-like receptors on the development of carbohydrate metabolism disorders (CMDs) amongst patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). Materials and Methods. We recruited 292 patients with CAD and investigated 8 polymorphisms within 4 genes, namely TLR1 (rs5743551 and rs5743611), TLR2 (rs3804099 and rs5743708), TLR4 (rs4986790 and rs4986791), and TLR6 (rs3775073 and rs5743810). Results. Carriers of G allele of rs5743611 polymorphism within TLR1 gene had an increased risk of CMDs. Moreover, the risk of CMDs was 3-fold higher in carriers of G/G genotype of rs5743611 polymorphism between 50 and 70 years of age. However, carriers of Т allele of rs4986791 (Thr399Ile) polymorphism and G allele of rs4986790 (Asp299Gly) polymorphism within TLR4 gene had decreased risk of CMDs. In addition, A/A genotype of rs5743810 polymorphism within TLR6 gene was associated with reduced risk of CMDs in males. Conclusion. There are certain associations of polymorphisms within genes encoding Toll-like receptors and development of CMDs amongst patients with CAD.

Aim: replication of association the SNPs with myocardial infarction (identified in recent GWAS) as markers of risk for myocardial infarction (MI) in a Siberian population. Methods: Group of MI patients and control group (ratio 1:2) were formed on the sample of population 45-69 years old resident of Novosibirsk (9400 people), which was collected in international project HAPIEE (Health, Alcohol and Psychosocial factors In Eastern Europe). A total of 94 patients (60 men and 34 women with myocardial infarction after study HAPIEE). Control group: individuals without MI (420), matched for age and sex. Genomic DNA was extracted from venous blood by phenol-chloroform extraction. Polymorphism of genes tested by real-time PCR according to the protocol producer firms (probes TaqMan, Applied Biosystems, USA) on the instrument ABI 7900HT. The study was taken following SNPs: rs499818, rs619203, rs10757278 and rs1333049 (hr. 9), rs1376251, rs2549513, rs4804611, rs17465637. Results: Rs10757278 and rs1333049 for the show were the association with MI OR = 1.78 (95 % CI 1.07-2.97 p = 0.03 GGvsSS + CG), and SS OR = 1.78 (95 % CI 1.07-3.02 p = 0.03 SSvsGS + GG ), respectively. Just for rs1376251 (TAS2R50) shows protective role in relation to them TT OR = 0.22 (95 % CI 0.05-0.91 p = 0.02 TTvsCC + CT), for the remaining SNPs statistically valid data has been received. Conclusion: Thus in this study were confirmed by the association rs1333049 (Mts. 9), rs10757278 (Mts. 9) with myocardial infarction and shows the new relationship with Russia for myocardial infarction for rs1376251 (TAS2R50).

The aim of this study was to investigate characteristics of a hospital phase of acute myocardial infarction in patients with varying degrees of severity of coronary lesions on a scale SYNTAX after endovascular treatment. The severity of coronary lesions on a scale SYNTAX evaluated in 330 consecutive patients (274 men and 56 women), mean age 53.6 ± 8.9 years, with acute myocardial infarction with ST-segment elevation. This patients were divided into three groups: a group with severe coronary disease (SYNTAX ≥ 33), with moderate (SYNTAX from 23 to 32) and low lesion (SYNTAX from 0 to 22). In patients with severe coronary disease had fewer than in patients with low values of the defeat of the Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin (MCH), Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration (MCHC), and total protein, and high density lipoprotein cholesterol. In groups with SYNTAX from 23 to 32 and with SYNTAX ≥ 33 higher blood glucose levels than in the SYNTAX from 0 to 22, and the rate of urea in patients with severe coronary disease exceed the value of this parameter in patients with low and moderate coronary disease. In patients with severe coronary disease are more likely than those with low lesions observed the phenomenon of non-resumption of blood flow after stenting (no-reflow), stent thrombosis, pulmonary edema, acute aneurysm recurrence of heart attack and bleeding. Using binary logistic regression (χ ² model = 25.4, p < 0.001) we revealed that with heavy coronary lesion (SYNTAX ≥ 33) most significantly associated pleural effusion ( p < 0.001), the phenomenon of non-renewal blood flow after stenting (no-reflow) ( p = 0.004), and acute aneurysm ( p = 0.039).

Purpose: we aimed to study the prevalence of sonographic pattern of fatty liver disease (FLD) and its associations with cardiometabolic risk factors depending on sex. Subject and methods. We used data from the WHO MONICA Project in Novosibirsk, Russia. Fatty liver disease was studied by echography in a random population sub-sample ( n = 2025 and aged 25-64 years). The association of FLD with potential determinants was estimated in logistic regression. Results. The prevalence of fatty liver disease was 20 % in men and 19 % in women. In men, its multivariable-adjusted predictors included age, body mass index (BMI), level of triglycerides ^and frequency of alcohol drinking or high occasional dose (≥120 g of ethanol). In women, in age-adjusted model we have revealed the association between FLD and BMI, level of total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol and triglycerides, and diabetes mellitus. In multivariable-adjusted model only the association between FLD and BMI remained significant. Conclusion. The prevalence of sonographic pattern of FLD is similar among Siberian men and women (20 and 19 %, correspondently). These data are consistent with data from European, North American and Asian populations. In men, 6.2 % of FLD was attributable to alcohol, 6.2 % - non-alcoholic FLD and 7.8 % to other conditions. In women, two-thirds of cases were NAFLD and one-third was accounted for other causes. In category of other causes - 72 % (women) and 93 % (men) of participants were carriers of markers of virus hepatitis. In men, the determinants of FLD were frequent alcohol intake, triglycerides level, and BMI. In women, BMI was the most significant independent predictor of FLD.

This review presents the current scientific literature on the problem of female smoking in the world and in Russia over the past 25 years. The results of Russian and international researches on the prevalence and trends of women’s smoking discussed. The growth in female smoking from the end of XX century, associated with aggressive policies of tobacco companies and the emancipation of women in many countries, including Russia revealed. The negative impact of smoking on women’s health, reproductive function and motherhood was shown. The efficiency of the global tobacco control policies and Russia’s state policy to reduce tobacco consumption was demonstrated.

In this review describes the peculiarities of endothelium-dependent vascular reactivity (EDVR) in patients with coronary atherosclerosis and its clinical manifestations. The mechanisms of the disorders EDVR due to the risk factors - arterial hypertension, smoking, family history of cardiovascular disease, high salt intake, etc are discussed in this paper.

The article covers the relevance of studying mRNA expression profile of genes of innate immune receptors, in particular genes of TLRs. The ability of TLRs to express at the surface of various cells, even at those that do not belong to the innate and adaptive immune responses, has been defined. mRNA structure has been reviewed. The meta-analysis of studies investigating the role of TLRs genes in the development and progression of cardiovascular diseases, including atherosclerosis, both in clinical practice and in animal experiments, has been performed. The results of the meta-analysis are presented in the conclusion section.

Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of population death and disablement. Among the risk factors, a significant place is occupied by the nutrition that is associated with other risk factors (arterial hypertension, obesity, hypercholesterolemia and others). The article discusses the basic food nutrients (polyunsaturated fatty acids, flavonoids and others), provides a biochemical rationale for their use at the prevention of atherosclerosis and its complications.

This review presents the study of the association of parodontal infections with cardiovascular diseases (CVD). The results of studies conducted in the last decade and a half are shown, including systematic reviews and meta-analyzes. Some evidence exists concerning impact of infectious diseases of the oral cavity (caries and its complications, periodontal inflammation) on the onset and progression of the atherosclerotic process. An important measure for prevention of CVD may be adequate oral hygiene.

The 83rd European Atherosclerosis Society (EAS) Congress held in Glasgow, UK, March 22-25, 2015. The scientific program of the Congress has been prepared to reflect the most current data of the problem of atherosclerosis. The program included interdisciplinary research and new topics: “A new look at the vascular wall”, “Novel insights into the regulation of lipid and lipoprotein metabolism”, “Future challenges and opportunities in the prevention and treatment of CVD”. This year’s Congress visited above 2000 delegates from 77 countries. Abstracts will be published in the Atherosclerosis journal.​ Russian participants presented more than 50 poster presentations. The review was prepared based on materials of EAS Congress 2015 and the website http://www.eas2015.kenes.com/.