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"Philosophy of Education"

2015 year, number 2

Technical-analytical competence and the artistic-figurative content as the basic components of the exercise drawing

K. A. Kravchenko
Novosibirsk state pedagogical University, Vilyuiskaya str., 28, Novosibirsk, 630126, Russia
Keywords: exercise drawing, technical-analytical competence, artistic image, professional perception, artistic thinking, creative interpretation

Abstract

The author analyzes the content of the exercise drawing, the structure of which includes the technical-analytical competence and the artistic-figurative component. In the pictorial activities these two principles are inseparable. Activation of creative thinking improves the quality of the image, whereas the in-depth study of the scientific foundations of educational drawing helps in creating a convincing artistic image. The article notes that the process of learning the drawing techniques is based on the development of such mental and cognitive processes as perception and thinking. The process of perception is based on the task of creating the image. The results of perception are processed through the operations of thought. In the exercise drawing, the image creation process is built on a permanent combination of analysis and synthesis. Drawing any object from nature, the student analyzes the design shape, spatial position, the distribution of light and shade and other features and regularities of the model. The result is an abstraction of one or more properties or characteristics of the studied phenomenon. However, the abstraction is not an end in itself but only a means of knowledge of the whole; after abstraction there comes generalization as a result of synthesis. The lack of artistic synthesis that combines all the characteristics and properties of nature, linking them into a coherent artistic drawing, explains typical of many drawings scattered, chaotic character, dispersion of the composition. The task of the pedagogue in the process of teaching the drawing techniques is to direct the attention of the student from the live observation to abstraction, for example, from the external forms of a natural object to its design, proportions, internal rhythmic organization, which determine the character of a complex shape. When drawing from life, the student must learn to combine the results of living contemplation and abstract thinking. Learning the technical- analytical side of the drawings process, it is necessary to understand that it should not be the only task of learning, especially in the senior years of studying, when the foundations of a creative approach to art are being laid. The possibilities of acquiring pictorial competence in the creative process are greatly enhanced, it is just important to provide it with problematic situations of a cognitive character, i.e., the situations where the student is given the opportunity to solve the artistic tasks of creating an artistic image in the exercise drawing by way of his/her own conclusions.