Nanostructured Explosives Produced by Vapor Deposition: Structure and Explosive Properties
D. V. Mil'chenko, V. A. Gubachev, L. A. Andreevskikh, S. A. Vakhmistrov, A. L. Mikhailov, V. A. Burnashov, E. V. Khaldeev, A. I. Pyatoikina, S. S. Zhuravlev, V. N. German
Institute of Experimental Physics (VNIIEF), Institute of Physics of Explosion, Federal Nuclear Center, Sarov, 607190 Russia
Keywords: sublimation (sublimation) of explosives, explosive microstructure, thin-layer charge, critical detonation thickness
Abstract
This paper generalizes the experimental data of the authors on the production and properties of thin-layer nanostructured explosives obtained by thermal vacuum sublimation. The method involves sublimation of explosive under heating in high vacuum, followed by deposition (condensation) of the explosive vapor on the substrate. Under these conditions, it has been shown that nanostructured polycrystalline layers of explosives containing a large number of micro-defects (pores and dislocations) are formed. In the explosive transformation in the deposited explosive layer, nano- and submicron-sized defects of the structure act as hot spots. The result is a significant reduction in the critical detonation dimensions. The nanostructured explosives studied by the authors are able to detonate at a layer thickness of 20–100 μm. Furthermore, their detonation velocity is substantially less dependent on the layer thickness than that of charges of the same explosives made by traditional technologies. Nanostructured explosives can also be used as components of explosive compositions with improved detonability.
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