Home – Home – Jornals – The journal "Ateroskleroz" 2014 number 4

The manuscript is devoted to review in the area of genetics of longevity (current state of knowledge), in particular, the use of leukocyte telomere length measurement as a marker of aging and as an indicator of the risk for age-related diseases in humans. The paper also gives an overview of laboratory methods to assess telomere length. In the frame of pilot study of the project on biomarkers of «biological age» in Russian population (grant RCSF) the method for analysis of telomeres length by real-time PCR on the base of technique by Cawthon (2002) was tested. The results of testing provided required accuracy, reproducibility of method’s was of 95,5 %, the tried and tested technique will be used for analysis in present project.

The article presents a review of current meta-analyses on innate immune receptor gene polymorphisms, such as Toll-like receptors, and their potential role in the pathogenesis of coronary atherosclerotic lesions. TLR signaling pathways, as well as available allelic variations of genes encoding them, and the relationship between TLR polymorphic variants with different pathological conditions have been described. The article reveals significant associations of individual TLR gene alleles with the development and progression of atherosclerosis in different populations. However, the research in this area is rather limited and requires further study.

Research objective. Increase of efficiency of secondary prevention of a myocardial infarction and rehabilitation of patients at an out-patient stage. Materials and methods. 164 patients of both floors with the transferred myocardial infarction with enzymatic and endovascular restoration of a blood-groove of an ischemic myocardium are surveyed. The diagnosis of a myocardial infarction is established according to standards of diagnostics of ESC/ACCF/AHA (2007) also it is documented by an extract fr om the clinical record of office of medical institution wh ere hospital treatment of the patient according to emergency indications was carried out. Patients were divided into 3 groups: the 1st (supervision with rehabilitation in out-patient conditions), the 2nd (rehabilitations in the round-the-clock specialized office), the 3rd (comparisons). To all patients continuous reception of pharmacological therapy according to standards of treatment of patients with the sharp coronary syndrome (SCS) was appointed; recommendations of the general character about healthy lifestyle observance are made; laboratory blood tests, electrocardiography and heart echocardiography, holterovsky (daily) monitoring of the electrocardiogram, assessment of degree of heart failure on the scale of an assessment of a clinical state (SACS) and the test of 6 minute walking, a commitment assessment to treatment with use of test of Moriski-Green, an assessment of quality of life of patients with heart failure on the Minnesota questionnaire, an assessment of episodes of repeated hospitalization concerning Construction Department and lethal outcomes are carried out. In addition to the 1st group of patients “Health school” and LFK, the 2nd group - a rehabilitation course in specialized office of recovery treatment of GBUZ NSO GKB №19 were on an outpatient basis carried out. Results. On achievement of commitment to treatment, estimates of an average value of quality of life, episodes of repeated Construction Departments, to reduction of weight of a functional class of heart failure indicators of patients of the 1st group surpassed data on patients of the 3rd group, but conceded to the 2nd. Conclusion. Use of rehabilitation actions at an out-patient and polyclinic stage of treatment of patients with transferred IT as element of secondary prevention of cardiovascular complications positively influence final points irrespective of a method of a revascularization of a myocardium.

The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and the biomarkers of dyslipidemia in obese patients. 66 patients diagnosed with OSA and obesity (Body mass index (BMI) ³ 30 kg/m2) were enrolled. The study demonstrated higher level of total cholesterol and low-density lipoproteins in patients with severe OSA. There was further significant correlation between elevated levels of triglycerides and low-density lipoproteins and symptoms of hyperactivity of the sympathetic nervous system such as reduced heart rate variability and circadian index according to the daily ECG monitoring.

Central aortic pressure (CAP) is regarded as a perspective indicator of the cardiovascular risk. It is interesting to study the association between the CAP and the components of the metabolic syndrome. We studied 69 individuals (46 women and 23 men) aged 56-78 years: 34 - research participants of the population sampling of Novosibirsk and 35 - outpatients. The components of the metabolic syndrome was determined according to the criteria of RSC 2009. Central aortic pressure was determined on a SphygmoCor (AtCor Medical, Australia). Omron HEM9000AI device (Omron, Japan) was used to calibrate the instrument. Data was analyzed in the GLM. Results are presented as mean value with a measure of the variation as an average error. Multivariate analysis with the simultaneous inclusion in the model age, sex, abdominal obesity, hypertriglyceridemia, hypo-alpha-cholesterolemia, hyper-beta-cholesterolemia, fasting hyperglycemia have revealed that only hypertriglyceridemia was a significant independent determinant of systolic and diastolic CAP ( p = 0,014 and p = 0,008, respectively) from all of analyzed components. The results of the study indicate that the central aortic pressure, regardless of age and sex was associated with only one component of the metabolic syndrome - hypertriglyceridemia.

The urgency of risk factors and early stages of cardiovascular diseases revealing is explained by the high prevalence of circulatory system diseases and their adverse outcomes among the population. The way at the risk factors revealing is the prophylactic medical examination of the certain groups of adult population. The way of the risk factors revealing is the prophylactic medical examination of the certain groups of adult population. Its effectiveness depends on its proper organization in the health protection institutions and also population awareness. Purpose. Study the attitude of the citizens who underwent prophylactic medical examination to its organization and their readiness to get rid of the risk factors of circulatory system diseases. Materials and methods. The study included 6204 patients who underwent preventive medical examination during the clinical examination of the certain groups of adult population in Omsk in 2013. Results. More than half of citizens visited the health protection institutions purposefully for the prophylactic medical examination after active invitation from the clinic. 63 per cent are satisfied with the organization of the prophylactic medical examination. 76.5 per cent underwent all prevention checkups for no more then two visits to a medical institution. Of the number of persons who received recommendations 83.9 per cent respondents are ready to follow them and 76.4 intend to maintain a healthy lifestyle. Every second was not ready to give up smoking. Conclusion. With the help of this study objective and subjective problems in the prophylactic medical examination organization were exposed. For the medical activity increase and the population awareness it is necessary not only to maintain a high number of active invitations from the medical workers but also to strengthen the work of the media and to implement explanatory work with the employers having various forms of ownership. After the prophylactic medical examination it is necessary to carry out individual prophylactic consultations. But in case of their lack you should carry out group consultations aimed at the risk factors correction and compliance increase to the will recommendations. All this will allow to take prophylactic measures in proper time preventing or delaying the complications development of the cardiovascular diseases.

The purpose of the study. Study of influence of sleep disorders on the risk of stroke for 6 years in men aged 25-64 years. Materials and Methods. The WHO Programme «MONICA - psychosocial» in 1994 surveyed men aged 25-64 years, residents of one of the districts of Novosibirsk. A representative sample was formed according to the requirements of the protocol program «MONICA» The study included 657 men (mean age 44,3 ± 0,4). The response was 82.1 %. Socio-demographic and psychosocial indicators were recorded in accordance with the protocol: gender, professional and marital status, education level, and sleep disorders (test «MOPSY»), social support (test Brekman - Sim). Outcomes were considered for the first time encountered cases of fatal and non-fatal stroke in the cohort (47 cases) for 6 years (1994-2000). Statistical analysis was performed using the software package «SPSS-10» Cox proportional regression model was used to estimate the relative risk of stroke. Results. Among men arose stroke in 47.1 % of sleep evaluation was «good», 23.5 % - «satisfactory», 29.4 % «bad». The relative risk of stroke in men aged 25-64 for a 6-year period of time was in the 3.9 ( p = 0.015) times higher in the evaluation of Sleep «bad» than «good». The relative risk of stroke in the assessment of sleep «bad» was higher in groups: people with incomplete secondary - primary education; hard or moderate physical labor; pensioners; persons evaluating index close contacts and social ties as low. Conclusion. The results suggest that sleep disorders contribute significantly to the risk of stroke. Therefore, measures are needed to reduce sleep disorders in the population.

Background: The literature data about the association between attention disorders with lipid levels in young and middle age at the present time remains controversial. Objective: To examine the association of different levels of lipid fractions with level of attention at the each five-year period in both sexes aged 25-45 selected when performing a one-time survey of a random sample of Novosibirsk. Methods: The study involved 536 people aged 25 to 45 years - Novosibirsk residents of both sexes. The concentration of serum lipid levels were measured by enzymatic method. The level of attention was determined using the letter cancellation test (standardized for screening purposes). Analysis of the material was carried out using the methods of descriptive statistics, correlation analysis and multiple linear regression in the statistical package «R» for Windows. Results: Levels of total cholesterol and LDL showed a weak negative correlation with the number of errors in the letter cancellation test. At the same time, a positive correlation was found between the total number crossed out symbols in the letter cancellation test and total cholesterol and LDL levels. Conclusion: Association of lipid profile and the assessment of cognitive functions fails to recognize at a young age. Analysis of the associations in the future may be of great interest for the detailed development of the theory of memory.

Currently, the incidence of coronary heart disease (CHD) in the countries of the European Region and North America, one million of the population accounts for 30-40 thousand of patients, and the mortality rate of 700.000 cases per year. The most severe manifestation of ischemic heart disease - acute myocardial infarction (AMI). In Russia, in recent years the death rate from AMI is approximately 40 %. However, about 20 % of patients die in dimensional stage, 12-18 % of patients during treatment in the hospital, with almost 50 % of all lethaltion outcomes of the first month of the current AMI occur within the first hours of the disease.