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Contemporary Problems of Ecology

2013 year, number 2

1.
Dynamics of Wood Cover in the Northern Part of the Kas River (Krasnoyarsky Region) during the Holocene

L. V. KARPENKO1, N. A. RUDAYA2
1V. N. Sukachev Institute of Forest SB RAS, 660036, Krasnoyarsk, Akademgorodok, 50
institute_forest@ksc.krasn.ru
2Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography SB RAS, 630090, Novosibirsk, Lavretnyev ave., 17
nrudaya@yandex.ru
Keywords: bog, peat deposit, pollen analysis, reconstruction, dynamics of wood cover

Abstract >>
Results of the palynological analysis of peat profile Fomka in the northern part of the Kas river catchment area (Kranoyarsk Region, Russia) are presented. Research based on pollen data reveals changes in forest composition during the last 8 kyr. Forest with predominance of birch (Betula sect. Albae) and Siberian spruce (Picea obovata) spread between ca. 7.5 and 8.5 kyr BP; with birch, Siberian spruce and Siberian fir (Abies sibirica) between 6.85 and 7.5 kyr BP, and with Siberian spruce and Siberian fir – between 6.6 and 6.85 kyr BP. Prevalence of Scotch pine (Pinus sylvestris) and birch in arboreal composition was revealed from ca. 4.4 till 6.6 kyr BP. Siberian pine (Pinus sibirica) with Scotch pine and birch spread from ca. 4.4 kyr BP onwards in the Kas river basin.



2.
Carbon Dioxide Fluxes in the Ecosystem of Meso-Oligotrophic Peatland during the Period of Transition from Autumn to Winter

O. A. MIKHAILOV1, S. V. ZAGIROVA1, M. N. MIGLOVETS1, C. WILLE2
1Institute of Biology, Komi Scientific Center UrB RAS, 167982, Syktyvkar, Kommunisticheskaya str., 28
mikter@mail.ru
2Soil Science Institute, Klima Campus, University of Hamburg, 20146, Germany, Hamburg, Alende-Platz, 2
christian.wille@zmaw.de
Keywords: meso-oligotrophic peatland, carbon dioxide, eddy covariance method

Abstract >>
Results of the investigation of carbon dioxide fluxes by means of eddy covariance in the ecosystem of meso-oligotrophic peatland of the European North-East of Russia during the transition from autumn to winter are presented. The effect of temperature at soil surface on Reco and the effect of solar radiation intensity on NEE are revealed. The value of carbon dioxide flux decreased with the formation of a stable snow cover on peatland but did not disappear.



3.
Response of the Antioxidant System of Light-Demanding and Shade-Bearing Pine Species to the Phytocenotic Stress

I. L. MILYUTINA, N. E. SUDACHKOVA, L. I. ROMANOVA
V. N. Sukachev Institute of Forest SB RAS, 660036, Krasnoyarsk, Akademgorodok
biochem@ksc.krasn.ru
Keywords: Pinus silvestris, Pinus sibirica, stand density, oxidative stress, chlorophylls, glutathione, ascorbate, hydrogen peroxide, enzymes

Abstract >>
Effect of the density of stand on the antioxidant system of Pinus silvestris L. and Pinus sibirica Du Tour was investigated. The dynamics of the concentrations of chlorophyll, hydrogen peroxide, glutathione, ascorbic and dehydroascorbic acid during the vegetation period was studied, as well as the activity of superoxide dismutase, catalase, peroxidase, glutathione reductase and ascorbate peroxidase in one-year needles of the trees 26 years old, with the initial stand density of 0.5 and 128 thousand individuals per hectare.



4.
Space-Time Action of Fire Events on Forest-Bog Ecosystems of the West Siberian Plain

V. V. FURYAEV1, V. I. ZABOLOTSKIY2, S. D. SAMSONENKO3, V. A. CHERNYKH3
1V. N. Sukachev Institute of Forest SB RAS, 660036, Krasnoyarsk, Akademgorodok, 50/28
furya_i@mail.ru
2Administration of Rosprirodnadzor in the Altay Territory
3Forest Management in the Altay Territory, holding company Altayles
Keywords: hydromorphous ecosystems, fire frequency, relationships between vegetation types in landscape regions, forest- and bog-forming processes, progressive age dynamics of phytocenoses after fire events

Abstract >>
Analysis of the information on the dynamics of ground water, frequency of fire events and post-fire progressive age stages of vegetation in forest-bog ecosystems of southern taiga and the forest-steppe zone of the West Siberian Plain showed that under these specific conditions in the modern epoch fire events are permanently acting factor controlling the scale and dynamics of forest- and bog-forming processes. Fire frequency has the largest effect on the dynamics of forest-bog ecosystems. The scale and level of transformation of forest-bog ecosystems under the action of the pyrogenic factor are due to their ecological regimes and have specific features in different landscapes.



5.
Recovery of Living Ground Vegetation at the Initial Stage of Pyrogenic Succession

N. M. KOVALEVA, G. A. IVANOVA
V. N. Sukachev Institute of Forest SB RAS, 660036, Krasnoyarsk, Akademgorodok, 50/28
nk-75@mail.ru
Keywords: fire intensity, living ground vegetation, succession, floristic diversity, phytomass, microstand

Abstract >>
The impact of ground fire with different degree of intensity on the living ground vegetation in middle-taiga pine forests of Central Siberia was considered. It was revealed that fire events, independently of their intensity, cause a decrease in the percent cover and the biomass of living ground vegetation, and also have a destroying effect on the moss and lichen cover. Post-fire recovery of the living ground vegetation at the initial stage of post-fire succesion is determind by the initial forest type, fire intensity, and the depth of cover burn.



6.
Model Competition for Resources After Windfall

T. M. OVCHINNIKOVA1, D. L. SOTNICHENKO1, S. A. MOCHALOV2, V. G. SUKHOVOLSKIY1
1V. N. Sukachev Institute of Forest SB RAS, 660036, Krasnoyarsk, Akademgorodok 50, build. 28
ovchinnikova_tm@mail.ru
2Ural State Forestry University, 620100, Ekaterinburg, Sibirskiy str., 37
Keywords: forest stands, windfall, successions, competition models

Abstract >>
Species composition of wood communities after mass windfall was studied on the basis of the concept of competition for resource. Tsipfa-Pareto model of rank resource sharing was used as the theoretical model of competition. Analysis showed that the processes resulting from competitive interactions between the trees of different species proceed slowly on windfall area where coniferous species get replaced by leafy ones. At the territory where leafy species dominated initially, competitive interactions between the trees of different species turn out to be formed almost immediately under natural reforestation after windfall. By the time when the correlation of species gets stabilized, the ranks of separate species get stabilized too. This result was obtained on the basis of quantitative estimation of the change in leadership between competitor species with time using Spearman’s factor of rank correlation.



7.
Dynamics of Vegetation on Post-Technogenic Territories of the Usinsk Diostrict of the Republic of Komi After Sowing Different Species of Permanent Grasses

L. P. TURUBANOVA, I. A. LIKHANOVA
Institute of Biology, Komi Scientific Center UrB RAS, 167982, Republic of Komi, Syktyvkar, Kommunisticheskaya str., 28
likhanova@ib.komisc.ru
Keywords: revegetation, disturbed land, agricultural methods, permanent grasses, succession

Abstract >>
Results of comparative experiments on row sowing of the seeds of permanent grasses collected in the northern regions of Russia (experiment No. 1) and brought from North America (experiment No. 2) are considered. Experiments were arranged at the territory of former sludge-collecting pit of the Vozeyskoe oil deposit (Usinsk District, Republic of Komi) dumped with sand layer 1 m thick, in order to reveal optimal species for the protection of disturbed territories from erosion. Sowing of grasses adapted to the conditions of European North, with fertilizer application, allowed short-term formation of closed grass cover, sod layer fixing the substrate, ground litter layer accumulating nutrients and ensuring subsequent development of phytocenosis, on the technogenic substrate.



8.
Vascular Plants of Luzanovskiy Ope-Pit Coal Miming (the Russian Far East, Southern part): Species Composition, Activity, Viability and Type Dissemination

E. V. IVAKINA1, V. V. YAKUBOV2, S. V. OSIPOV3,4
1Pacific Institute of Geography FEB RAS, 690041, Vladivostok, Radio str., 7
celenn@rambler.ru
2Soil Biology Institute FEB RAS, 690022, Vladivostok, 100-Letiya Vladivostoka ave., 159
3Pacific Institute of Geography FEB RAS, 690950, Vladivostok, Sukhanov str., 8
4Far East Federal University
Keywords: flora, technogenic landscape, coal dump, coal mine, site types, succession stages, dissemination types, plant activity, viability

Abstract >>
274 species of vascular plants were registered on the dumps of the Luzanovskiy open-pit coal mining station. Among them, there are 244 grass species (including 47 annual and biennial plants), 29 wood species (trees and shrubs) and 1 semi-arborescent species. Nine site types were indicated. Two stages of succession were distinguished. Plant viability at different stages was observed. Species were ranged according to Yurtzev plant activity degrees. Analysis of dissemination types showed domination of anemochorous and autochorous plants. The distribution of dissemination types over plant activity degrees was considered. Annotated list of species is given.



9.
Influence of Man-Made Dust Pollution on Physiological and Biochemical Adaptations and Radiostability of Seed Progenny of Lepidium apetalum ( Lepidium apetalum Wild.)

I. A. PROKOPIEV, A.N. ZHURAVSKAYA, G. V. FILIPPOVA
Institute of biological problems of cryolitozone SB RAS, 677980, Yakutsk, Lenin ave., 41
a_prokopiev@mail.ru
Keywords: man-made dust pollution, adaptation, antioxidant and genomic systems, variability, radiostability

Abstract >>
The influence of man-made dust pollution on the changes of the physiological and biochemical characteristics, and their heterogeneity (variability), as well as on the radiostability of seed progeny of L. Apetalum was investigated.
It was shown that a higher degree of man-made dust pollution of growing place of parent plants had no impact on the level of radiostability of seed progeny, compared with the control, despite the higher value of antioxidant status in their seed progeny, which is probably a consequence of reduced variability of the investigated characteristics.



10.
Effect of the Radiation Factor on Flavonoid Content and Morphometric Indices for Pentaphylloides fruticosa as Example

E. P. KHRAMOVA1, O. V. TARASOV2, E. I. KRYLOVA2, A. V. LAVRENCHUK3
1Central Siberian Botanical Garden SB RAS, 630090, Novosibirsk, Zolotodolinskaya str., 101
khramova@ngs.ru
2FGUP Mayak Industrial Association, 456780, Ozersk, Chelyabinsk Region, Ermolaev str., 18
3V. S. Sobolev Institute of Geology and Mineralogy SB RAS, 630090, Novosibirsk, Acad. Koptyug ave., 3
Keywords: Pentaphylloides fruticosa, flavonoids, morphometric parameters, radiation factor, variability, method of reference vectors

Abstract >>
Attempt is made to estimate the features of the influence of chronic action of radiation on the variability of biochemical and morphometric parameters of Pentaphylloides fruticosa grown under the gradient of pollution with radionuclides 90Sr and 187Cs, and to demonstrate, using the coefficient of variability (CV), analysis of variation curves of distribution and discriminant analysis, that the samples differ depending on the level of radiation.



11.
Chemical Elements in the Mineralization of Plant Residues under Soil Pollution with Heavy Metals

T. V. ZHUYKOVA1, V. S. BEZEL2, V. A. ZHUYKOVA1, O. V. CHANKINA3, K. P. KUTSENOGY3
1Nizhniy Tagil State Social-Pedagogical Academy, 622031, Nizhniy Tagil, Krasnogvardeyskaya str., 57
hbfnt@rambler.ru
2Institute of Plant and Animal Ecology UrB RAS, 620144, Ekaterinburg, 8 Marta str., 202
3Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion, SB RAS, 630090, Novosibirsk, Institutskaya str., 3
Keywords: destruction, plant residues, chemical elements, chemcial pollution

Abstract >>
Mineralization of plant residues in background and anthropogenically affected areas is analyzed. The multielement composition of plant residues before and after exposure in soil is listed; it was studied by means of the synchrotron radiation (XPA SR). It is shown that destruction is accompanied by the change of the chemical composition of plant residues. Chemical elements with the concentrations increasing during infiltration from soil into exposed samples were determined. Agrobotanical groups of plants with the maximal infiltration rate were determined.



12.
Impact of Technogenic System on the Environment and Human Health in the Priamurye and Primorye

L. T. KRUPSKAYA1, V. P. ZVEREVA2,3, A. V. LEONENKO1,4
1Pacific State University, 680035, Khabarovsk, Tikhookeanskaya str., 136
ecologiya2010@yandex.ru
2Far East Federal University, 690091, Vladivostok, Oktyabrskaya str., 27
3Far East Geological Institute FEB RAS, 690022, Vladivostok, 100-letiya Vladivostoka ave., 159
4Mining Institute FEB RAS, 680000, Khabarovsk, Turgenev str., 51
ecologiya2010@yandex.ru
Keywords: mineral raw material, waste products, processing, industrial pollution, technogenic system

Abstract >>
The problems connected with the evaluation of technogenic contamination of ecosystems with the wastes of placer gold production in Priamurye and Primorye are discussed in the paper. The wastes polluted with mercury bring substantial hazard. We have established the degradation of environmental objects and sharp deterioration of human habitat. This brings the threat to human life in miners’ settlements. We propose the measures to reduce the negative action of wastes on environment objects.



13.
Identification of Chemical Elements as Pollutants and Their Primary Distribution over the Territory of Steppe in Southern Minusinsk Depression

N. D. DAVYDOVA, T. I. ZNAMENSKAYA, D. A. LOPATKIN
V. B. Sochava Institute of Geography SB RAS, 664033, Irkutsk, Ulan-Baroskaya str., 1
davydova@irigs.irk.ru
Keywords: snow cover, pollution, pollutants, scattering halos, industry-induced load, environmental risk

Abstract >>
The chemical composition of solid and liquid phases of snow samples taken at different distances from emission sources was studied, priority elements polluting geosystems during the production of aluminium were determined and the halos of their spatial scattering were revealed. Total pollution index and the load of pollution were calculated. On the basis of quantitative indicators, in application to the MPC, the zones of ecological and geochemical risk were revealed. A comparative analysis of the levels of selected elements in the association of industry-induced aerosol in the area of the greatest risk and in background soil was carried out.



14.
Statistical Methods for the Investigation of the Effects of Pollutant Emissions into the Atmosphere on Lung Cancer Morbidity of the Population of Kemerovo Region

S. A. MUN, S. A. LARIN, A. N. GLUSHKOV
Institute of Human Ecology SB RAS, 650065, Kemerovo, Leningradskiy ave., 10
Stellamun@yandex.ru
Keywords: models of regression analysis, lung cancer, emission of pollutants into the atmosphere, Kemerovo Region

Abstract >>
Linear, power, exponential and hyperbolic models of regression analysis for the determination of the dependence of standardized indices of lung cancer morbidity on the amount of pollutants emitted into the atmosphere is the Kemerovo Region are described. The possibilities of the application of these models to the calculation of intermediate-term forecasts of carcinogenic action of the environment on the population of the Kuznetsk Basin are discussed.



15.
Variability of Sowing Qualities and Nitrogen Content of the Seeds of Abies sibirica (Ledeb.)

V. V. ERMOLENKO1, S. G. PROKUSHKIN1, O. N. ZUBAREVA1, Z. V. EROKHINA2
1V. N. Sukachev Institute of Forest SB RAS, 660036, Krasnoyarsk, Akademgorodok, 50
zzzeeeeee@yandex.ru
2Siberian State Technological University, 660049, Krasnoyarsk, Mira ave., 82
Keywords: Abies sibirica Ledeb. germinating capacity, nitrogen content, grades of tree growth and development

Abstract >>
Sowing qualities of the seeds of Abies sibirica Ledeb. from the trees of I to V Kraft grades and total content of nitrogen in the seeds were determined. The best qualities characterize the seeds taken from the middle part of the cones growing in the upper part of crowns of the trees related to I and II Kraft grades. Nitrogen content in the seeds varies within the range 2,7–3,46 mg/g and depends on the growth and development of the trees. The correlation between these characteristics was found to be 0,81–0,94.