Home – Home – Jornals – Contemporary Problems of Ecology 2003 number 3

During three on-location seasons of 1997

Peculiarities of distribution of heterotrophic microorganisms and bacteria from the genus Pseudomonas in the Lake Baikal were studied. It is demonstrated that the largest numbers of microorganisms is are isolated from samples collected in the littoral zone at the origin of the Angara River, in the vicinities of settlement Listvyanka

Attachment of flagellates of the genus Trypanosoma to fishes of the Siberian complex of the Baikal, and those oil the genus Cryptobia to the Baikal complex has been found. A consequence thereof is the diminution of occurrence of Trypanosomes from the littoral to the deep zone and an increase of affection of fishes by Cryptobia.

Distribution of the trematode Phyllodistomum umblae in salmon fish populations of the Lake Baikal is considered. In various salmon fish species (omul, whitefish, grayling), a specific age-related time course of infection by P. umblae is observed. Three salmon species do not differ significantly in the seasonal time course of phyllodistomae infection. The seasonal time course of affection of salmon by P.umblae is determined by the peculiarities of the annual life cycle of the helminth.

It has been established that the newcomer Gmelinoides fasciatus has not have any considerable influence on the structure of the helminthes community in perch fry of the Rybinsk Reservoir, since it began to be consumed by this year

For the first time, the species composition and spatial distribution of oligochaetes has been carried out in the major part of the Chibyrkui Gulf of the Lake Baikal. The elucidated species composition (69 species) in combination with  endemic and widespread oligochaete complexs is determined by the presence in the gulf of two ecological zones

The ecological factors playing an important role in the evolution of Baikalian amphipods are considered. The trophical factor causes a diminution of the size of animals and appearance of dwarf species.  At the same time, specialization with respect to food composition as an ecological factor is not widespread. The temperature factor tells on diffusion of Baikalian species to gulfs and sors, and on diel vertical migrations of benthos amphipods. The temperature and the illumination factors together determine the seasonal and circadian time course of the population structure and the change of the species composition of amphipods with respect to substrate, habitation depth, and in the littoral zone, as well as with respect to reproduction season. The parasite factor can give origin to small-sized and dwarf males in some Baikalian species, as well as increase the species diversity of deep-water nectobenthal amphipods. In the formation of the Baikalian deep-water side swimmers fauna a great role is played by regions with unusual geological conditions.

By the results of long-term studies of zoobenthos of the rivers Selenga (the main tributary of the Lake Baikal) and Chikoi (one of the right-bank tributaries of Selenga) during the under-the-ice period (1987

Altai region was subjected to the action of nuclear testing performed at the Semipalatinsk polygon at the period from 1949 till 1963. In the present study, the data are presented on genetical investigation of populations of Drosophila melanogaster in Altai region (Byisk, Zmeinogorsk, Pospelikha) and Altai Republic (Gorno-Altaisk): concentration of visible mutations of all types rises up to 3

On the material of summer censuses carried out on routes extending over about 8 000 km, the spatial non-uniformity of bird population in the mountainous Altai region was analyzed. The most pronounced altitudinal-zonal variability of bird communities is characterized by a gradual change of their species and faunistic composition , an increase of the total abundance, biomass and species abundance in the direction from the steppe to the forest zone and  by subsequent continuous diminution as the altitude increases , up to the subnival zone. Provincial differences of uniform ornithocomplexes are manifested much less clearly. Classification of the summer bird population of the Altai and a quantitative estimation of force and commonness of constraint between the spatial non-uniformity of population and the environmental factors have been made.

Results of route censuses of birds from December 1983 to late January 1988 carried out in southern taiga forests of the Middle Ural mountainous province (Sverdlovsk Region) in four key sites two of which are situated on the western slope and two are on the eastern one have been analyzed. Totally, 4 classification schemes have been drawn up: two on 31 habitats available in the sample, on the average for the first (May 16

Results of long-term studies of ornithofauna of Miassa City (Chelyabinsk Region, the South Ural) have been summarized. The species composition, abundance and ecological structure of the bird population in various districts of the city have been analyzed. It is demonstrated that during the last decades an enrichment of the city ornithofauna by

Changes of bird population density in the process of desertification of tugais caused by disturbances of the water regime of the river Vakhsh have been analyzed.

Long-term censuses of common crane in the West Siberian plain make it possible to assert that their average numbers exceed considerably the earlier found values. The majority of common cranes are in the steppe zone (45 % of the total numbers), less in taiga subzones (3 to 9 %). In the forest-tundra and tundra zones, no common cranes have been found.

In the basin of the middle and lowe reaches of the Abakan river, the faunistic composition has been studied, the altitudinal distribution and spatial-typological structure of buffalo gnat communities has been elucidated in an ecological water body series. The main changes in the buffalo gnat population iare associated with absolute altitude of the locvality, water temperature, fater flow width and velocity, and with granulometric composition of the ground.