Home – Home – Jornals – Chemistry for Sustainable Development 2010 number 3

Results of the investigation of composition features of brown coal from Siberian deposits and the major factors determining its structural properties are presented. Methods of stimulating destructive reactions of hydrogenation into liquid hydrocarbons by means of preliminary activation tratment and the use of catalysts are considered. Investigation was carried out with different coal samples from the Kansk-Achinsk and Lensk basins; for comparison, the data on brown coal from the large deposit Yallourn (Australia) are described. The general regularities of the changes of structural properties are established, as well as the features of the interaction with solvents depending on the content of ion-exchange cations among which calcium cations are prevailing and play the part of ion cross-links in the structure. It is shown that cation removal with diluted HCl solutions, mechanochemical treatment and irradiation with accelerated electrons under optimal conditions allow one to enhance the activity int eh interaction with solvents and to elevate the reactivity during hydrogenating destruction into liquid hydrocarbons.
Results of the investigation of the effect of conditions of mechanochemical treatment of iron ore concentrates on their phase composition and parameters of the fine crystal structure are presented. The conditions of the preparation, on this basis, of dispersed active hydrogenation catalysts providing thorough decomposition of the organic mass of brown coal to form liquid hydrocarbons were developed. The individual and group composition of the obtained light-coloured hydrocarbon fractions of coal hydrogenates was determined. The data were compared with the composition of the corresponding fractions of oil from the major promising deposits of Eastern Siberia. Suitability of liquid coal hydrogenates for obtaining synthetic motor fuel, other oil products and their use as petrochemical raw material was substantiated.